APARC Publications

A collection of books published in Shorenstein APARC in-house monograph series set against the background of Encina Hall entranceway

Shorenstein APARC Publications

Explore our active publishing program and the academic works of our experts

New Publications

3D mockup cover of APARC's volume 'South Korea's Democracy in Crisis'

Examining South Korea's Democratic Decline

In 'South Korea's Democracy in Crisis,' experts from Korea and the US explore how illiberalism, populism, and polarization have eroded Korean democracy and affected Korean society and politics.
South Korea's Democracy in Crisis
South Korea's Democracy in Crisis
Cover of book "Drivers of Innovation"

Fostering Pathways to Innovation in the Asia-Pacific

In 'Drivers of Innovation,' scholars from the US and Asia explore education and finance policies conducive to accelerating entrepreneurship and developing human capital for innovation in Asian nations.
Drivers of Innovation
Drivers of Innovation
3D mockup of the cover of the volume "The Courteous Power'

Analyzing Japan-Southeast Asia Relations in the Indo-Pacific Era

In Kiyoteru Tsutsui's and John D. Ciorciari's 'The Courteous Power,' experts offer fresh perspectives on Japan's relationships with Southeast Asian nations and the balance in the Indo-Pacific region.
The Courteous Power
The Courteous Power

APARC Monograph Series with Stanford University Press

Jointly with Stanford University Press, the Center produces the series Studies of the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, featuring academic research by our faculty and scholars.
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APARC In-House Series with the Brookings Institution Press

The Center produces a self-published book series featuring policy-relevant research and analysis by our scholars and affiliates. Titles in this series are distributed by Brookings Institution Press.
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Annual Reports
Annual Reports

Commentary and Analysis
Commentary and Analysis

Policy Briefs
Policy Briefs

Publications

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Takeo Hoshi
Books

Shifting Gears in Innovation Policy: Strategies from Asia

Yong Suk Lee, Gi-Wook Shin, Takeo Hoshi
2020 December 30, 2020
Business Technology Business Economic Affairs Innovation Books
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Journal Articles

Potential for Inward Foreign Direct Investment in Japan

Takeo Hoshi, Kozo Kiyota
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2019 June 1, 2019

Promotion of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) into Japan has been an important policy in the Abenomics growth strategy. This paper examines if we observe positive impacts of the policy in the data. We first estimate a gravity model of bilateral FDIs using data for 35 OECD countries as destination countries. In estimating the model, we handle zero values for FDI stock explicitly. The model includes (origin and destination) country-specific effects as well as destination-country specific time trends.

Governance Journal Articles
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Journal Articles

The decline in bank-led corporate restructuring in Japan: 1981-2010

Takeo Hoshi, Takeo Hoshi, Satoshi Koibuchi, Ulrike Schaede
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2018 March 1, 2018

Using a unique dataset on all major corporate restructuring events in Japan between 1981 and 2010, we assess changes in the role of the main bank in guiding corporate turarounds, and the economic consequences of these changes for distressed firms. We identify firms in distress among all listed firms based on accounting data, and we separately identify firms undergoing corporate restructuring based on a newspaper search for the Japanese term “saiken”.

Governance International Development Society Journal Articles
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Journal Articles

Has Abenomics Succeeded in Raising Japan's Inward Foreign Direct Investment?

Takeo Hoshi
Asian Economic Policy Review, 2018 January 1, 2018

Japan is known to have an exceptionally low level of inward foreign direct investment (FDI). The promotion of inward FDI is one of the policy goals of Abenomics structural reforms. This present paper studies the accumulation of Japan's inward FDI stock during the first 3 years of Abenomics (2012–2015), and finds no evidence that Japan's inward FDI stock increased more than the trend before Abenomics started would have predicted.

Governance International Development Society Journal Articles
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Policy Briefs

President Trump's Asia Inbox

Gi-Wook Shin, Michael H. Armacost, Takeo Hoshi, Karl Eikenberry, Thomas Fingar, Kathleen Stephens, Daniel C. Sneider, Donald K. Emmerson
Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, 2017 February 10, 2017

Scholars at Stanford's Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center in the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies assess the strategic situation in East Asia to be unsettled, unstable, and drifting in ways unfavorable for American interests. These developments are worrisome to countries in the region, most of which want the United States to reduce uncertainty about American intentions by taking early and effective steps to clarify and solidify U.S. engagement. In the absence of such steps, they will seek to reduce uncertainty and protect their own interests in ways that reduce U.S.

Governance Elections Institutions and Organizations Nuclear policy Policy Analysis International Relations Business Foreign Policy Globalization Trade Globalization Business Economic Affairs Security Conflict Nuclear policy Nuclear Risk Nuclear Safety Nuclear policy Nuclear Safety Society Policy Briefs
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Working Papers

Capital Market Regulation in Japan after the Global Financial Crisis

Takeo Hoshi, Ayako Yasuda
2015 December 26, 2015

This paper examines the evolution of Japan’s capital markets and the related regulatory reforms after the Global Financial Crisis. We start by looking at the importance of capital markets in the Japanese financial system. We study how the size of financial flows through capital markets relative to those through the banking sector changed since the 1980s in Section 2. Then, in Section 3, we look at how Japan’s financial system responded to the Global Financial Crisis. We find that the disruption of the financial system in Japan was small.

Governance Working Papers
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Journal Articles

Capital Market Regulation in Japan after the Global Financial Crisis

Takeo Hoshi, Ayako Yasuda
World Scientific in International Economics, 2015 December 26, 2015

This paper is examines the evolution of Japan’s capital markets and the related regulatory reforms after the Global Financial Crisis. We start by looking at the importance of capital markets in the Japanese financial system. We study how the size of financial flows through capital markets relative to those through the banking sector changed since the 1980s in Section 2. Then, in Section 3, we look at how Japan’s financial system responded to the Global Financial Crisis. We find that the disruption of the financial system in Japan was small.

Governance Institutions and Organizations Policy Analysis Globalization Business Investment Economic Affairs Entrepreneurship Journal Articles
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Working Papers

Implementing Structural Reforms in Abenomics: How to Reduce the Cost of Doing Business in Japan

Takeo Hoshi, Jamal Ibrahim Haidar
2015 August 1, 2015

Improving the environment for business is an important part of the growth strategy of Abenomics. As the goal for this effort, the Abe Administration aims to improve Japan’s rank in the World Bank Doing Business Ranking to one of the top three among OECD. This paper clarifies what it takes for Japan to achieve the goal. By looking at details of the World Bank Doing Business ranking, we identify various reforms that Japan could implement to improve the ranking.

Governance Policy Analysis World Bank International Relations Business Trade World Bank International Development Business World Bank Environment Working Papers
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Working Papers

Institutional Foundations for Innovation-Based Economic Growth

Takeo Hoshi, Kenji E. Kushida, Richard Dasher, Nobuyuki Harada, Tetsuji Okazaki
National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA), 2015 July 7, 2015

Innovation is essential for the growth of a matured economy like Japan. This report examines the institutional foundations of innovation-based economic growth and explores the role of Japanese government in encouraging innovation by Japanese companies and entrepreneurs. We start by summarizing eleven elements that characterize the ecosystem of Silicon Valley, which is often considered to be the best example of innovation-based economy. We then discuss how those elements fit with six institutional foundations that support the innovation-based economic growth.

Working Papers
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Journal Articles

Will the U.S. and Europe Avoid a Lost Decade? Lessons from Japan's Postcrisis Experience

Takeo Hoshi, Anil K Kashyap
IMF Economic Review, 2015 June 10, 2015

This paper reexamines Japanese policy choices during its banking crisis in the 1990s and draws some lessons relevant for the United States and Europe in the aftermath of the global financial crisis of 2007–09. The paper focuses on two aspects of postcrisis economic policy of Japan: the delay in bank recapitalization and the lack of structural reforms. These two policy shortcomings retarded Japan’s recovery from the crisis and were responsible for its stagnant postcrisis growth. The paper also suggests some political economy factors that contributed to the Japanese policies.

Business International Development Business Economic Affairs Innovation Journal Articles
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Books

Reflections on the Seventieth Anniversary of the End of the Pacific War: Eight Stanford Scholars Write Their Own August Statement

Alberto Díaz-Cayeros, Peter Duus, Thomas Fingar, David Holloway, Takeo Hoshi, Yong Suk Lee, Henry S. Rowen, Daniel C. Sneider
2015 May 15, 2015

On August 15, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe will publish a short statement to commemorate the seventieth anniversary of the end of World War II.  This follows similar practices of his predecessors.  Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama started by delivering a short statement on the fiftieth anniversary in 1995.  Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi followed in 2005 with the statement on the sixtieth anniversary.

Governance International Relations Books
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Books

太平洋戦争終結７０周年に考える：８人のスタンフォード研究者による終戦の日の談話

Alberto Díaz-Cayeros, Peter Duus, Thomas Fingar, David Holloway, Takeo Hoshi, Yong Suk Lee, Henry S. Rowen, Daniel C. Sneider
2015 May 15, 2015

８月１５日、安倍首相は第２次大戦終結７０周年を記念する談話を発表する。戦後５０周年（１９９５年）の村山談話、そして６０周年（２００５年）の小泉談話に続くものだ。

ショーレンスタイン・アジア太平洋研究センター (APARC) とフリーマン・スポグリ国際研究所 (FSI) に所属する８人の学者が、自分が日本の首相だったら発表するであろう談話を書き上げた。

英語版はこちらをご覧ください。

Governance International Development Books
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Journal Articles

Japan's financial regulatory responses to the global financial crisis

Kimie Harada, Takeo Hoshi, Masami Imai, Satoshi Koibuchi, Ayako Yasuda
Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 2015 May 5, 2015

This paper aims to understand Japan’s financial regulatory responses after the global financial crisis and recession. Japan’s post-crisis reactions show two seemingly opposing trends: collaboration with international organizations to strengthen the regulation to maintain financial stability, and regulatory forbearance for the banks with troubled small and medium enterprise [SME] borrowers.

Governance Journal Articles
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Books

What Stopped Japan's Economic Growth? Prescriptions for the Revival (Nani ga Nihon no Keizai Seichō o Tometa no ka--Saisei e no Shohōsen)

Takeo Hoshi, Anil K. Kashyap
Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 2013 December 31, 2013

日本経済が現在直面する課題は、１９世紀半ばの開国、１９２０年代の混乱、第二次世界大戦による荒廃といった歴史的転換に匹敵する。

長期的視点から「日本の失敗」の原因を究明し、成長への総合的な政策を提示する。

Books
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Journal Articles

Is the Sky the Limit? Can Japanese Government Bonds Continue to Defy Gravity?

Takeo Hoshi, Takatoshi Ito
Asian Economic Policy Review, 2013 December 1, 2013

This paper presents a simulation model based on the growth rate, the inflation rate, and the consumption tax rate in the future. Future tax revenues and fiscal expenditures are projected using regression models estimated from past data. The fiscal situation is called unsustainable if the outstanding amount of Japanese government bonds (JGBs) becomes higher than the level of private sector financial assets. We focus on the general account of the central government, which is the source of JGB issues.

Journal Articles
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Working Papers

Defying Gravity: How Long Will Japanese Government Bond Prices Remain High?

Takeo Hoshi, Takatoshi Ito
The National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012 August 1, 2012

Recent academic papers have shown that the Japanese sovereign debt situation is not sustainable. The puzzle is that the bond rate has remained low and stable. Some suggest that the low yield can be explained by domestic residents’ willingness to hold Japanese government bonds (JGBs) despite its low return, and that as long as domestic residents remain home-biased, the JGBs are sustainable. About 95% of JGBs are currently owned by domestic residents.

Economic Affairs International Development Governance Institutions and Organizations Working Papers
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Policy Briefs

Policy Options for Japan's Revival

Takeo Hoshi, Anil K. Kashyap
National Institute for Research Advancement, 2012 June 1, 2012

This report discusses desirable policy directions and options in the aftermath of the Great Tohoku Earthquake. It argues that the importance of Japan’s productivity growth has not been invalidated by the disaster, and suggests that Japan should consider restoration and reconstruction from the earthquake as a great opportunity to reposition its policies.

Business International Relations International Development Migration and Citizenship Trade Policy Briefs
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Journal Articles

Japanese government debt and sustainability of fiscal policy

Takeo Hoshi, Takero Doi, Tatsuyoshi Okimoto
Journal of the Japanese and International Economies, 2011 December 1, 2011

We construct quarterly series of the revenues, expenditures, and debt outstanding for Japan from 1980 to 2010, and analyze the sustainability of the fiscal policy. We pursue three approaches to examine the sustainability. First, we calculate the minimum tax rate that stabilizes the debt to GDP ratio given the future government expenditures. Using 2010 as the base year, we find that the government revenue to GDP ratio must rise permanently to 40–47% (from the current 33%) to stabilize the debt to GDP ratio.

Journal Articles
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Policy Briefs

Why Did Japan Stop Growing?

Takeo Hoshi, Anil K. Kashyap
National Institute for Research Advancement, 2011 June 1, 2011

The purpose of this report is to explain the causes of Japan's economic stagnation and identify policy choices that might help restore growth.

The focus is intentionally on longer-term issues, rather than the immediate challenges that are associated with the fallout from the global recession.

Policy Briefs
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Books

Corporate Financing and Governance in Japan: The Road to the Future

Takeo Hoshi, Anil K. Kashyap
The MIT Press, 2001 December 31, 2001

In this book Takeo Hoshi and Anil Kashyap examine the history of the Japanese financial system, from its nineteenth-century beginnings through the collapse of the 1990s that concluded with sweeping reforms. Combining financial theory with new data and original case studies, they show why the Japanese financial system developed as it did and how its history affects its ongoing evolution.

History Society Economic Affairs International Development Business International Relations Governance Books
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Journal Articles

Defying gravity: can Japanese sovereign debt continue to increase without a crisis?

Takeo Hoshi, Takatoshi Ito
Economic Policy,

Japan has the highest debt to GDP ratio among advanced countries, and many studies find that the current fiscal regime of Japan is not sustainable. Yet, the Japanese government bond continues to enjoy low and stable interest rates. The most plausible explanation for such an apparent anomaly is that the bonds are predominantly held by the Japanese residents, who are willing to absorb increasing amount of Japanese Government Bonds (JGB) without requiring high yields.

Journal Articles
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