Governance

FSI's research on the origins, character and consequences of government institutions spans continents and academic disciplines. The institute’s senior fellows and their colleagues across Stanford examine the principles of public administration and implementation. Their work focuses on how maternal health care is delivered in rural China, how public action can create wealth and eliminate poverty, and why U.S. immigration reform keeps stalling. 

FSI’s work includes comparative studies of how institutions help resolve policy and societal issues. Scholars aim to clearly define and make sense of the rule of law, examining how it is invoked and applied around the world. 

FSI researchers also investigate government services – trying to understand and measure how they work, whom they serve and how good they are. They assess energy services aimed at helping the poorest people around the world and explore public opinion on torture policies. The Children in Crisis project addresses how child health interventions interact with political reform. Specific research on governance, organizations and security capitalizes on FSI's longstanding interests and looks at how governance and organizational issues affect a nation’s ability to address security and international cooperation.

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The objective of this paper is to discover the social media platforms (SMPs) that are economically relevant to a business organization, the uses to which these platforms are put, and the reasons for their value. Given that social media generates information, the paper assumes that the difference between social media platforms arises from just two factors: the extent of control that may be exercised over the information flow and the extent of collaboration on information flows possible among participants on the platform.

It tests a hypothesis, derived from literature on strong and week ties, that an SMP can be economically valuable to a business organization only if it generates information that either improves the reliability of existing information, or is new information. Using a primary survey of 20 firms, the paper examines their use of social media for various business purposes and asks whether these uses match the theoretical conclusions. Some of the potentially useful business outcomes from social media include hiring and professional development, strategic planning, business development and marketing, project management, strategic planning, project ideation, product development and developing intellectual property, and sales of goods.

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Working Papers
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Stanford University
Authors
Rafiq Dossani
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China's protracted regional conflicts of 1967 and 1968 have long been understood as struggles between conservative and radical forces whose opposed interests were so deeply rooted in existing patterns of power and privilege that they defied the imposition of military control. This study of Nanjing, a key provincial capital that experienced prolonged factional conflict, yields a new explanation: the conflicts were prolonged precisely because they could not be characterized as pitting "conservatives" against "radicals," making it difficult for central officials, local military forces, or Mao Zedong to decide how to resolve them. Furthermore, Beijing officials, regional military forces, and local civilian cadres were themselves divided against one another, exacerbating and prolonging local conflicts. In competing for approval from central authorities, local factions adopted opportunistic and rapidly shifting political stances designed to portray their opponents as reactionary conservatives—charges that had no basis in fact.

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Journal of Asian Studies
Authors
Andrew G. Walder
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This book explores the evolution of social movements in South Korea by focusing on how they have become institutionalized and diffused in the democratic period. The contributors explore the transformation of Korean social movements from the democracy campaigns of the 1970s and 1980s to the rise of civil society struggles after 1987. South Korea was ruled by successive authoritarian regimes from 1948 to 1987 when the government decided to re-establish direct presidential elections. The book contends that the transition to a democratic government was motivated, in part, by the pressure from social movement groups that fought the state to bring about such democracy. After the transition, however, the movement groups found themselves in a qualitatively different political context which in turn galvanized the evolution of the social movement sector.

Including an impressive array of case studies ranging from the women's movement, to environmental NGOs, and from cultural production to law, the contributors to this book enrich our understanding of the democratization process in Korea, and show that the social movement sector remains an important player in Korean politics today.

This book will appeal to students and scholars of Korean studies, Asian politics, political history and social movements.


Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 

1: Democratization and the Evolution of Social Movements in Korea: Institutionalization and Diffusion, Paul Y. Chang and Gi-Wook Shin

PART I: SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION

2: The Korean Democracy Movement: An Empirical Overview, Gi-Wook Shin, Paul Y. Chang, Jung-eun Lee and Sookyung Kim

3: From Minjung to the Simin: The Discursive Shift in Korean Social Movements, Namhee Lee

4: Exorcizing the Ghosts of Kwangju: Policing Protest in the Post-Authoritarian Era, Jong Bum Kwon

PART II: INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF SOCIAL MOVEMENTS


5: Origins of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea: Global and Domestic Causes, Jeong-Woo Koo

6: From the Streets to the Courts: PSPD’s Legal Strategy and the Institutionalization of Social Movements, Joon Seok Hong

7: The Entry of Past Activists into the National Assembly and South Korea’s Participation in the Iraq War, Sookyung Kim and Paul Y. Chang

8: The Consequences of Government Funding for Environmental NGOs in South Korea, Chang Bum Ju

9: The Institutionalization of the Women’s Movement and Gender Legislation, Chan S. Suh, Eun Sil Oh and Yoon S. Choi

PART III: SPIN-OFF MOVEMENTS AND DIFFUSION PROCESSES


10: Citizen Journalism: The Transformation of the Democratic Media Movement, Thomas Kern and Sang-hui Nam

11: New Activist Cultural Production: Independent Filmmakers, the Post-Authoritarian State, and New Capital Flows in South Korea, Young-a Park

12: The Korean Gay and Lesbian Movement 1993-2008: From "Identity" and "Community" to "Human Rights", Hyun-young Kwon Kim and John (Song Pae) Cho

13: Lawyers for a Democratic Society (Minbyun): The Evolution of Its Legal Mobilization Process Since 1988, Patricia Goedde

14: Left Out: People’s Solidarity for Social Progress and the Evolution of Minjung After Authoritarianism, Alice S. Kim

APPENDIX
: The Stanford Korea Democracy Project

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Books
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Routledge
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Gi-Wook Shin
Paul Y. Chang
Number
9780415619974
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About the seminar

Strategic value creation networks have become critically important in technology development and economic growth; co-creation relies the relationship infrastructure of people, organizations and policies. These complex intangible relationship assets can be observed through network analysis of small, medium and large enterprises. By identifying relationships through which information and financial resources flow, visual insights toward a shared vision can be created and strategic network orchestration can be implemented. Using social network analysis, these relationship patterns can reveal competitive forces, gatekeepers and collaboration opportunities - within and across sectors - in internal and external innovation ecosystems around the world, including China 2.0.

Dr. Russell's presentation is available here.

About the speaker

Martha G. Russell is a senior research scholar at the Human Sciences Technology Advanced Research Institute and associate director of Media X at Stanford University, a membership-based, interdisciplinary research catalyst focused on people, media, technology, and innovation.
 
Dr. Russell’s background spans a range of business development, innovation, and technology-transfer initiatives in information sciences, communications, and microelectronics at the University of Minnesota, the University of Texas at Austin, and Stanford University. She collaborates with Stanford’s Innovation Ecosystems Network and serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Interactive Advertising, the Journal of Electronics, and Technology Forecasting and Social Change.

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Martha G. Russell Associate Director Speaker Media X at Stanford University
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"As with the collapse of the Berlin Wall more than two decades ago, the reverberations of the 'Arab Awakening' are being felt well beyond the Middle East," said Asia Foundation president David D. Arnold during his May 4 talk at Stanford about the recent uprisings in North Africa and the Middle East. He suggested that for countries in Asia and other parts of the world, the uprisings are a reminder that a strong economy is not a replacement for good governance and that democracy can take place anywhere in the world. In Asia, the Asia Foundation blog, provides an overview of Arnold's talk supplemented by essays, including "Worlds at Stake in Arab Reform" by Southeast Asia Forum director Donald K. Emmerson and "The 'Libya Model' and What’s Next in North Korea" and "Springtimes of Political Reform: Looking to East Asia for Clues to Democratic Consolidation" by former Pantech Fellow Scott Snyder. The full audio of Arnold's Stanford talk is now available online.
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Protestors outside of the Libyan Embassy in London, February 22, 2011.
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The key involvement of social movement groups in establishing South Korea's democratic government in 1987 laid the groundwork for the country's diverse and politically active social movement sector today, suggests the new publication South Korean Social Movements: From Democracy to Civil Society. Edited by Gi-Wook Shin and Paul Chang, this insightful volume covers South Korea's democratization process and highlights numerous segments of the social movement sector ranging from human and gender rights groups to environmental protection organizations. South Korean Social Movements is the first in a series of six books produced by the Stanford Korea Democracy Project with generous funding from the Academy of Korean Studies.
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An environmental protection demonstration in South Korea.
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Since 1994, the Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) has established the official U.S. position on nuclear weapons. An extensive report outlining U.S. nuclear policy and strategy is published in conjunction with the review. Addressing China’s perspective on the most recent NPR report published in April 2010, Thomas Fingar contributed to a special issue of Nonproliferation Review and participated in a related breakfast briefing held on March 17, 2011, in Washington, DC.
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Secretary of State Hillary Clinton greets President Hu Jintao of China following a bilateral meeting during the Nuclear Security Summit at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center in Washington, D.C., April 12, 2010.
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Takeshi Kondo, "Augmented Reality Application Outside of the Entertainment World"

Augmented Reality (AR), created in the 1960s, has recently attracted attention due to the progress of Information Technology. AR is supplementary text/visual data superimposed over the surrounding real world. For example, in a football game on television, the yard lines and logos displayed on the screen use AR technology. AR technology has been applied to the entertainment world, such as in computer games, in film, and in advertisement. However, there are few examples of the application outside of the entertainment field. In his research presentation, Kondo proposes some possible AR applications outside of the entertainment industries.


Makoto Murata, "Developing New Facilities Strategy and Added Value in "Smart Grid"

Smart Grid is a new concept of power supply and management, and it receives a great deal of public attention. Electricity is the fastest-growing component of total global energy demand. In this environment, there are increasing needs for minimizing costs and environmental impacts while maximizing electric system reliability. Smart grid is thought to be a key solution for them. The deployment of smart grid affects facilities strategy. Murata analyzes facilities strategy for smart grid deployment from the viewpoints of regulations and area characteristics.

 
Eiichi Yamamoto, "Management of Intellectual Assets such as Patents, in the United States and Japan"

In a knowledge economy where there is global competition, intellectual assets become a key factor in a company's performance. The United States government recognized the significance of intellectual assets as a company's value earlier than Japan and has promoted a pro-patent policy since the early 1980s. The policy has encouraged U.S. companies to take advantage of the profitability of patents, much more than Japanese companies have done. In this presentation, Yamamoto analyzes the differences in the management of intellectual assets, such as patents, between the United States and Japan, and tries to explain the reasons for those differences.

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Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow
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Takeshi Kondo is a Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2010–2011. He started his career in 1994 as a systems engineer for Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Tokyo, Japan. Kondo designed several IT/vision/telecommunication systems for road operation and
management agencies of Japan, and took part in a Japanese government and private sector study of electronic toll collection systems. Additionally, he designed a business-to-business web system for his company. He is currently a manager for the Strategic IT Business Planning Department of Mitsubishi Electric and he is in charge of research on new IT businesses. Kondo graduated from Waseda University with a BS and an MS in industrial and management systems engineering.

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Takeshi Kondo Speaker Mitsubishi Electric
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Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow
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Makoto Murata is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2010-2011.  Prior to joining Shorenstein APARC, he has worked at Kansai Electric Power Company, Inc. since 2005. He has been responsible for management, technological development and technological investigation for power distribution. He has been engaged in electrical engineering field for upgrading electrical grid (Smart Grid). He obtained his BS and MS in Electrical Engineering from Kobe University.
 

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Makoto Murata Speaker Kansai Electric Company
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In this session of the Shorenstein APARC Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellows Research Presentations, the following will be presented:

Wataru Ishii, "Promotion of Tourism in Japan:  Policies and Plans for Development and Involvement of Local Institutions"

Tourism is an industry that covers a lot of areas, such as hotels, transportation, food services and one of a few industries where growth can be expected in the future.  Because of the economic importance of tourism, the Japanese National Government established the Japan Tourism Agency in 2008 and has begun to try to make Japan "Tourism Nation" and local governments are following suit.  Ishii studies the significance of tourism in Japan and policies to attract foreign tourists that will compensate for stagnant domestic tourists.

Yuichi Moronaga, "The Essential Value - Connecting and Sharing Emotions - Storytelling in the Social Media Era"

Customers have high expectations when making purchases.  They expect products to provide value and, at the same time, satisfy their sense of emotions.  Storytelling is an important factor when it comes to these customer purchases.  Knowing the story behind the product or company can create strong attachments and this "essential value" is an important factor in the buying cycle.  These emotions may encourage our next behavior, whether it's repeat buying or long-term usage.  With the increased usage of social media, this type of cycle that is created is vital for a company's marketing plan as well as providing increased motivation of a company's employees.  In this presentation, Moronaga shares examples of storytelling, demonstrating how dynamically storytelling is changing people's purchasing behaviors and the opportunities presented.

Hirofumi Takinami, "Political Economy of the Financial Crises in Japan and the United States:  Why the Difference in Speed to Respond and Recover?"

Within the last two decades, the United States and Japan each experienced the same type of financial crisis, notably triggered by the collapse of major financial institutions.  Both were under the political economic conditions of one of the largest economies in the world as well as of an advanced democratic country.  However, it is symbolically different that Japan let the institutions go into chain-reaction bankruptcies without injecting public money in 1997, while the U.S. undertook a bailout of AIG just after the Lehman bankruptcy in 2008.  And now the U.S. economy is showing earlier recovery compared to what Japan experienced. -- What made this difference in speed to respond and recover?  To explain this puzzle, Takinami focuses on (a) existence of precedent & learning, (b) speed and process of economic downturn toward the crisis, (c) action by national leader & secretarial organization, and (d) status of global standard setter, together with assessing the alternative explanations.  Then, he argues some implications of these analyses.

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Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow
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Wataru Ishii is a Corporate Affiliates Visiting Fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2009–10 and 2010–11. He is chief staff of the International Relations Division of Shizuoka Prefecture Government (SPG) in Japan where he has worked for the past 20 years. Before joining Shorenstein APARC, he worked in several departments of SPG, including taxation, tourism promotion, and public relations. He graduated from Kanazawa University with a BA in liberal arts.

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Wataru Ishii Speaker Shizuoka Prefecture
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Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow
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Yuichi Moronaga is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2010-11.  Prior to joining Shorenstein APARC, he held positions at the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan (METI) for about 11 years, where he took charge of policy making.  His latest position at METI was as deputy director in the Manufacturing Industries Bureau. He graduated from Kyoto University in Economics.

 

 

 

 

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Yuichi Moronaga Speaker Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry, Japan
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Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellow
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Hirofumi Takinami is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2009-10 and 2010-11.  He is currently undertaking a collaborative research with Professor Phillip Lipscy, one of the faculty of Shorenstein APARC and Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science, on the financial crises in Japan and the U.S.

Takinami has been working for the Japanese government for 16 years.  He served, among others, in policy coordination and management positions notably in the public finance area, including Deputy Cabinet Counselor in charge of coordinating domestic and economic policies at Cabinet Secretariat; Director for Office of Planning and Personnel Management, Deputy Budget Examiner on social security expenditures and Deputy Director for Legal Division at the Ministry of Finance.

In addition to positions related to domestic policy, Takinami also worked internationally, attending as one of Japanese delegates to meetings, including Ministerial-level, of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Asia Europe Meeting (ASEM).  While sent to the Ministry of Justice, he served as Special Advisory Staff to the Director-General of Criminal Affairs Bureau, addressing international economic crimes. 

Takinami graduated from the University of Tokyo in 1994, earning a Bachelor of Law.  In his first dispatch to the United States by the Ministry of Finance, he received a Master of Public Policy from the University of Chicago in 1998 with a major in finance and public finance.

Takinami was born and raised in Ono, Fukui, the prefecture next to Kyoto, known for producing many CEO's in Japan.  He is proud of inheriting the virtues of "dilligence, honesty and gratitutde" of this snowy country.

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Hirofumi Takinami Speaker MInistry of Finance, Japan
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