Research Presentations by Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellows (Session 1)
In this session of the Shorenstein APARC Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellows Research Presentations, the following will be presented:
Kazuhiko Ejima, "Will Japan Need a Tax Increase?"
Japan, the second largest economy in the world, is secretly facing a significant public debt problem with the worst debt-to-GDP ratio among developed countries. Despite the crisis, the country has long failed in introducing a tax increase. What obstacles are lurking in the country? Will they change in the future? Should the country try to overcome them? In Japan, it is widely believed that raising the consumption tax is the best approach to fixing the country’s finances. In contrast, based on the character of the obstacles, Ejima argues that any new budget reconstruction plan should focus more on economic growth through expenditure renovation rather than sticking to a tax increase.
Natsuki Kamiya, "Insolvent Municipalities: Do They Need Bankruptcy?”
While municipalities can declare bankruptcy in the United States, there is no bankruptcy system for municipalities in Japan. Japanese cities in financial distress pay off all debts in full for long term, while American counterparts can seek bankruptcy protection. Kamiya examines what the differences are between the two countries. Kamiya attempts to answer the question – “Does Japan need legislation to allow municipalities to declare bankruptcy?”
Daisuke Maeda, "Long Tail Theory in Online Retail Commerce - Is It True or Not? Is It Profitable?"
The Long Tail is one of the most famous theories in online retail commerce. Many start-ups in online commerce use this theory to justify themselves. However, there are times when the Long Tail does not work and may have some constraints. Maeda considers what the Long Tail is and what he would advise online retailers to do.
Koji Toyoshima, "Quantitative Analysis and Possibility of Reduction of CO2 Emission from Passenger Transportation in Japan and the U.S."
The U.S. and Japan are the world largest and the second largest economy. However, the CO2 emissions in these two countries are very different. The total U.S. CO2 emission per capita is more than twice of that in Japan. Twenty to thirty percent of CO2 emission comes from the transportation sector and sixty to seventy percent of them are passenger transportation in each country. The U.S. CO2 emission per capita in the passenger transportation sector is more than three times of that in Japan. Toyoshima analyzes and compares the breakdown of CO2 emissions in the passenger transportation sector in Japan and the U.S. including the influences of public transportations to understand the trend and estimate the reduction possibility of CO2 emissions in these two countries.
Philippines Conference Room
Kazuhiko Ejima
Kazuhiko Ejima is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2007-08 and 2008-09. Ejima graduated from the University of Tokyo (BA in Law) in 1990 and joined the Ministry of Finance. There, he has experienced a wide variety of areas, including budget and tax administrations, as well as privatization of public corporations. In his latest post, he was a deputy director in Ministerial Secretariat, where he worked together with the Minister and other key members in strategic management and coordination of the Ministry of Finance.
Natsuki Kamiya
Natsuki Kamiya is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2007-08 and 2008-09. He works for the Shizuoka Prefectural Government, one of the local governments in Japan. He is interested in immigration policy in California. He graduated from Chuo University in Tokyo, where he majored in law.
Daisuke Maeda
Daisuke Maeda is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2008-09.
Prior to joining Shorenstein APARC, he has been with Sumitomo Corporation for twelve
years. Most recently, Maeda served as the person in charge for merchandizing and fulfillment management for an online commerce web site. Maeda completed his undergraduate study at Keio University where he majored in Mathematics and Statistics.
Koji Toyoshima
Koji Toyoshima is a corporate affiliate visiting fellow at Shorenstein APARC for 2008-09. He received his BS and MS in mechanical engineering from The University of Tokyo and joined the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), government of Japan in 1995. He has experienced a variety of policy making in Japan. He engaged in policy making about global warming and recycling of home appliances and he is interested in environmental policies and energy policies. He also has experience in science and technology policy making and the execution of information disclosure law in Japan.