Stanford University

Governance

FSI's research on the origins, character and consequences of government institutions spans continents and academic disciplines. The institute’s senior fellows and their colleagues across Stanford examine the principles of public administration and implementation. Their work focuses on how maternal health care is delivered in rural China, how public action can create wealth and eliminate poverty, and why U.S. immigration reform keeps stalling. 

FSI’s work includes comparative studies of how institutions help resolve policy and societal issues. Scholars aim to clearly define and make sense of the rule of law, examining how it is invoked and applied around the world. 

FSI researchers also investigate government services – trying to understand and measure how they work, whom they serve and how good they are. They assess energy services aimed at helping the poorest people around the world and explore public opinion on torture policies. The Children in Crisis project addresses how child health interventions interact with political reform. Specific research on governance, organizations and security capitalizes on FSI's longstanding interests and looks at how governance and organizational issues affect a nation’s ability to address security and international cooperation.

Korean Democracy in the "Three-Kims" Era: Achievements, Failures, and Unfinished Jobs

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The era of Three Kims is passing away. Three Kims dominated Korean politics for the past three decades. Two Kims (Kim Young Sam and Kim Dae Jung) led democratization movement in the 70s and 80s, and another Kim (Kim Jong Pil) represented a moderate alternative to Park Chung Hee's dictatorship within an authoritarian ruling circle. Together, they presided over democratic transition in the 1980s and were leading players in restored democratic competition since 1987.

Now the era of Three Kims is expected to terminate with the presidential election of December 2002. The exit of Three Kims signifies the end of the first generation of democracy. The presidential election will decide who will lead the country in Post-Three Kims era. The outcome of presidential election would surely be the turning point for Korean democracy. Will Korean democracy move forward to democratic deepening or begin to erode?

Professor Im will review conceptual issues in discussing democratic consolidation and then analyze the achievements, failures, and unfinished jobs that the leaders of the first generation of Korean democracy have to their credit. He will also discuss the future of Korean democracy in the post-Three Kims era.

Philippines Conference Room, Third Floor, Encina Hall, Central Wing

Hyug Baek Im Visiting Professor, Department of Political Science, Korea University Speaker
Seminars

Modernization in His Own Words: The Personal Diary of Park Hung Chee

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Carter J. Eckert is Professor of Korean History and Director of the Korea Institute at Harvard University. Since 1985, he has been teaching Korean history at Harvard and working to build up the Harvard Korean studies program there. He is the author of a number of books and articles, including Offspring of Empire: The Colonial Origins of Korean Capitalism, which received the John K. Fairbank Prize in East Asian History from the American Historical Association, as well as the John Whitney Hall Book Prize from the Association for Asian Studies. Currently he is engaged in several projects relating to modern Korean history, including the Cambridge History of Korea, and a study of the late president of South Korea, Park Chung Hee, and the role of the military in South Korea's national development.

Encina Hall, East Wing, Third Floor, Okimoto Conference Room

Seminars

Foreign Penetration of Japan's Investment-Banking Market: Will Japan Experience the "Wimbledon Effect"?

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Foreign banks have long faced difficulties in attempting to enter certain Japanese financial markets. This is due partly to regulatory practices and partly to specific Japanese socioeconomic conditions, for instance the system of relationship banking. While retail banking is still a sector in which almost no foreigners have been able to succeed, some foreign financial institutions have been able to gain market share in investment and wholesale banking.

Today, Japanese financial markets offer a bizarre playing ground for foreign competitors.On the one hand, overdue reforms, deteriorating stock markets, and shockingly bad ratings should scare many foreigners away from making commitments to Japan's markets. On the other hand, it is just these problems and the dissatisfaction with the Japanese banking sector, as well as an increasing division of the Japanese economy into large global players and small domestic companies, that might help a few strong foreign banks with superior global capabilities overcome their liability of foreignness. Indeed, we assume that improved market opportunities for foreign banks in Japan are related to a fundamental lack of global capabilities on the part of Japanese financial institutions, despite their pronounced advantages as local players. In contemplating the future of foreign financial institutions in Japan, we propose three scenarios. Japan is often compared with Great Britain, where the term "Wimbledon effect" was coined after deregulation of Britain's financial markets--the "Big Bang"--resulted in the acquisition of many British banks by foreign companies. (The analogy refers to the fact that although Britain provides the world's foremost arena for tennis at Wimbledon, the winners of the Wimbledon tournament tend to be foreign players.) The Wimbledon effect would predict that market deregulation will strengthen the financial center but lead to asituation in which markets are dominated by foreign banks. Focusing on investment banking, our paper examines whether Japan faces the same developments as did Great Britain, whether the Wimbledon effect is a plausible scenario for Japan, and whether the analogy between the two financial centers is suitable.

The two other scenarios are strong positions of foreign-Japanese joint ventures ("mixed double") and the continuing dominance of Japanese financial-service providers ("home run").While domination by foreign financial institutions has come to pass in Britain, its BigB ang has at the same time boosted London's position as a financial center. However, in this paper we will explain why Japan's case is different from the situation in the British financialmarkets. Not only is market domination by foreigners in Japan an effect that cannot be expected in the medium run, but Tokyo's domestic orientation distinguishes it from so-called global centers such as London and New York and makes it highly vulnerable in the current situation. Japan's long-lasting economic problems, Tokyo's historical lack of a greater region it has served as a financial center, and an increasing need for globally competitive financial services by large international Japanese corporations cast doubt on the future status of Tokyo as a leading financial center.

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2001-2002 A/PARC Visiting Fellows Research Paper Presentations 5/29

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12:00 p.m. Akira Kobayashi, Japan Patent Office (DO) "How to Handle Patents in Venture Companies" 12:20 p.m. Joseph Huang, AllCan Investment Company (MH) "Venture Capitals and Entrepreneurship in the Silicon Valley and the Greater China Region" 12:40 p.m. Seishi Nakatani, Shiraimatsu Pharmaceutical (DO) "Evaluation of the IT Industry Potential" 1:00 p.m. Tetsuo Fujita, Japan Research Institute (GS) "The Role of Information Technology on the Economic Development of Japan" 1:20 p.m. Makoto Kawashima, Ministry of Finance (DO) "Recent Changes to the Banking Business Model and the U.S. Response" 1:40 p.m. Eui Yong Chung, Samsung Company (GS) "Collaboration Between the U.S. and Korea in the Semi-Conductor Industry"

Philippines Conference Room, Encina Hall East, Third Floor

Visiting Fellows Listed Below:

US-Japan Relations: A Conversation with Ambasador Ryozo Kato

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Ambassador Kato will give a brief talk after which he would like to spend the rest of the hour answering your questions about the relationship between the United States and Japan. Brief Biography of Ryozo Kato, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of Japan to the United States of America Ryozo Kato was appointed ambassador of Japan to the United States on November 8th. Ambassador Kato graduated from Tokyo University, faculty of law, in 1965, whereupon he entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Japan. He has held numerous posts in the Ministry, including posts director of the Security Affairs Division (1981-1984), Treaties Division (1984-1987), General Affairs Division (1990-1992), North American Affairs Bureau (1992-1994) and as director-general of the Asian Affairs Bureau (1995-1997) and the Foreign Policy Bureau (1997-1999). Most recently, Ambassador Kato was the deputy minister for Foreign Affairs at the Ministry from 1999-2001. He is married to Hanayo and they have three children.

Oksenberg Conference Room

Ambassador Ryozo Kato Japanese Ambassador to the United States Speaker
Conferences

Land Management Reform in Asia: From the National to the Sub-national

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Lin Shu-ya will discuss the Taiwanese government's reserved land policy that is aimed at aiding indigenous people to be self-sufficient and integrate into mainstream society. This policy has been the main government policy for 50 years even though Ms. Lin argues that collective management might be a better option for the indegenous communities, allowing them to collectively manage their traditional territory. Varamon Ramangkura will discuss te impact of recent WTO free-trade versus the environment disputes on industry in Thailand. Ms Ramangkura will show that pressure from the WTO on the Thai government is forcing the closure of local shrimp farms and reducing the sustainability of this industry in Thailand. Shimamura Kazuyuki will analyze the problems of the land use system in Japan. Even after recent reforms in land use, the municipalities enact undemocratic, informal and opaque local ordinances for land use. Mr. Shimamura argues that the reforms must be adopted by the local governments and made fiscally transparent, be based on the needs of the citizens and that there is a necessity to create a legal foundation for broader delegation, particularly regarding the comprehensive planning system at the municipality level.

Okimoto Conference Room, Encina Hall, third floor, east wing

Lin Shu-ya Fellow Stanford Program in International Legal Studies
Varamon Ramangkura Fellow Stanford Program in International Legal Studies
Shimamura Kazuyuki Fellow Stanford Program in International Legal Studies
Seminars

What is Indonesia?

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The past few years of political, economic, and social turbulence in Indonesia have led observers to wonder: "What is Indonesia?" Implicit in this question are others: "What has Indonesia been?" "What is it becoming?" and "What will become of it?"

To explore and debate possible answers, a roundtable has been scheduled for 5 April at the annual convention of the Association for Asian Studies in Washington DC. The six analysts who will speak at the roundtable have prepared brief essays--two or three pages each--that have been posted in easily downloadable form on the Asia/Pacific Research Center's website, at .

The most prominent of these analysts is Goenawan Mohamad, arguably the leading public intellectual in Indonesia today. "An Unfinished World" is his websited response to the question "What is Indonesia?" Those planning to hear Goenawan on 8 April here at Stanford need not have read his essay to understand his talk, which will go beyond his written words, but are welcome to download, print, and read it.

Goenawan Mohamad has for many years championed press freedom in Indonesia. In 1963, under the leftward regime of the country's first president, Sukarno, he signed a cultural manifesto against "socialist realism" in the arts. The manifesto was soon condemned as "counter-revolutionary." In 1964 the regime banned writings by independent-minded intellectuals such as Goenawan. In 1967 he returned from Europe to join a student newspaper that had opposed Sukarno's rule. Seven years later, the paper was banned by Sukarno's successor, Suharto. In the meantime, Goenawan had become chief editor of a weekly newsmagazine, Ekspres, and been fired by its owner for opposing government interference in a union of Indonesian journalists. Goenawan then helped to found a new weekly newsmagazine, Tempo, and became its chief editor. In 1984 Suharto banned the journal for two months because of critical coverage of the country's ruling party. Ten years later, Tempo was banned indefinitely for having criticized one of Suharto's cabinet ministers. The journal soon resurfaced on the Internet, but would not reappear in print until after Suharto's fall in 1998. Since 1999, in Jakarta, Goenawan has managed a community of media, cultural, and political activists dedicated to freedom of thought and expression. Over the course of his career, he has published books of essays and poetry, written a libretto for an opera that premiered in Seattle in 1999, and held visitorships at Harvard and UCLA, among other institutions.

Okimoto Conference Room, Encina Hall, third floor, east wing

Goenawan Mohamad Indonesian author, journalist and poet

Donald K. Emmerson

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Senior Fellow Emeritus at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Affiliated Faculty, CDDRL
Affiliated Scholar, Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies
aparc_dke.jpg PhD

At Stanford, in addition to his work for the Southeast Asia Program and his affiliations with CDDRL and the Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies, Donald Emmerson has taught courses on Southeast Asia in East Asian Studies, International Policy Studies, and Political Science. He is active as an analyst of current policy issues involving Asia. In 2010 the National Bureau of Asian Research and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars awarded him a two-year Research Associateship given to “top scholars from across the United States” who “have successfully bridged the gap between the academy and policy.”

Emmerson’s research interests include Southeast Asia-China-US relations, the South China Sea, and the future of ASEAN. His publications, authored or edited, span more than a dozen books and monographs and some 200 articles, chapters, and shorter pieces.  Recent writings include The Deer and the Dragon: Southeast Asia and China in the 21st Century (ed., 2020); “‘No Sole Control’ in the South China Sea,” in Asia Policy  (2019); ASEAN @ 50, Southeast Asia @ Risk: What Should Be Done? (ed., 2018); “Singapore and Goliath?,” in Journal of Democracy (2018); “Mapping ASEAN’s Futures,” in Contemporary Southeast Asia (2017); and “ASEAN Between China and America: Is It Time to Try Horsing the Cow?,” in Trans-Regional and –National Studies of Southeast Asia (2017).

Earlier work includes “Sunnylands or Rancho Mirage? ASEAN and the South China Sea,” in YaleGlobal (2016); “The Spectrum of Comparisons: A Discussion,” in Pacific Affairs (2014); “Facts, Minds, and Formats: Scholarship and Political Change in Indonesia” in Indonesian Studies: The State of the Field (2013); “Is Indonesia Rising? It Depends” in Indonesia Rising (2012); “Southeast Asia: Minding the Gap between Democracy and Governance,” in Journal of Democracy (April 2012); “The Problem and Promise of Focality in World Affairs,” in Strategic Review (August 2011); An American Place at an Asian Table? Regionalism and Its Reasons (2011); Asian Regionalism and US Policy: The Case for Creative Adaptation (2010); “The Useful Diversity of ‘Islamism’” and “Islamism: Pros, Cons, and Contexts” in Islamism: Conflicting Perspectives on Political Islam (2009); “Crisis and Consensus: America and ASEAN in a New Global Context” in Refreshing U.S.-Thai Relations (2009); and Hard Choices: Security, Democracy, and Regionalism in Southeast Asia (edited, 2008).

Prior to moving to Stanford in 1999, Emmerson was a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he won a campus-wide teaching award. That same year he helped monitor voting in Indonesia and East Timor for the National Democratic Institute and the Carter Center. In the course of his career, he has taken part in numerous policy-related working groups focused on topics related to Southeast Asia; has testified before House and Senate committees on Asian affairs; and been a regular at gatherings such as the Asia Pacific Roundtable (Kuala Lumpur), the Bali Democracy Forum (Nusa Dua), and the Shangri-La Dialogue (Singapore). Places where he has held various visiting fellowships, including the Institute for Advanced Study and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 



Emmerson has a Ph.D. in political science from Yale and a BA in international affairs from Princeton. He is fluent in Indonesian, was fluent in French, and has lectured and written in both languages. He has lesser competence in Dutch, Javanese, and Russian. A former slam poet in English, he enjoys the spoken word and reads occasionally under a nom de plume with the Not Yet Dead Poets Society in Redwood City, CA. He and his wife Carolyn met in high school in Lebanon. They have two children. He was born in Tokyo, the son of U.S. Foreign Service Officer John K. Emmerson, who wrote the Japanese Thread among other books.

China and the World

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Telecommunications Reform in India

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Telecommunications reform in India is complete, according to policymakers there. They have done everything correctly in their efforts to transform a state-run monopoly into an independently regulated sector in which private companies compete with government-owned and operated providers. And yet, India lags behind nations whose telecom sectors provided comparable levels of service a decade ago. What went wrong? Rafiq Dossani and his contributors argue that the classic textbook solutions are insufficient to produce a healthy telecom industry in India, which needs to improve regulatory design, introduce competition in a single phase instead of gradually, implement innovative funding models, and choose appropriate technologies in order to improve access to universal service. Containing valuable lessons for the telecommunications industries in Mexico, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other countries taking formerly state-run industries private, this book constitutes a valuable resource for policymakers, regulators, practitioners, scholars, and overseas investors.

Policymakers and regulators will learn that cookie-cutter solutions derived from rich-country experience do not always work in countries that are poor, yet democratic and pro-market. Practitioners will be interested in the sections on universal service, technology convergence, and the implications for reducing costs and improving the quality of both basic telephone services and IT-enabled services. In particular, Indian technology workers in Silicon Valley should find this book indispensable. Investors will gain valuable knowledge about this potentially huge market. Scholars' preconceived ideas may be nudged aside as their knowledge base is enhanced and their research agenda expanded. Whereas some of the book's conclusions support current thinking, such as the need to begin a sequence of reform with a regulatory system in place and the need for dominant-carrier regulation, other conclusions challenge the conventional wisdom. Contributors make a cogent case for reformulating the balance of power between regulators and policymakers, introducing competition at the local level rather than through large franchises, and replacing public subsidies with cross-subsidies of universal service. This volume provides a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the problems of telecommunications reform in all their complexity.

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Praeger
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Rafiq Dossani
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9781567205022

East Timor: The Breakaway Nation

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In 1999, 34 journalists were killed while revealing human rights abuses or reporting on civil conflicts. Two of those killed were covering the referendum in East Timor in 1999. Ms. Vidon was evacuated from Indonesia and later returned with the Australian-led UN troops. She will present her photos and discuss her experience of being a journalist in Indonesia during that violent time.

Dan and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room, Encina Hall, third floor, east wing

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