George R. Packard on the life and career of Japan expert Edwin O. Reischauer
October 15, 2010 was the 100th anniversary of the birthday of Edwin O. Reischauer, former U.S. Ambassador to Japan and a key leader in establishing the field of East Asian studies. George R. Packard, president of the United States-Japan Foundation, worked with Reischauer in the 1960s and recently published a biography about him entitled Edwin O. Reischauer and the American Discovery of Japan. Packard spoke at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center on October 28 to share his perspective on Reischauer's life and career.
Reischauer was born to
missionary parents in Japan, where he spent the first part of his life.
According to Packard, Reischauer had a lifelong appreciation for Japan that
deepened with time, but he also recognized that the more time he spent living
in and studying Japan, the more that there was for him still to learn.
Reischauer attended Oberlin College as an undergraduate and Harvard University
as a doctoral student. During World War II, he worked for the U.S. State
Department translating intercepted messages.
The Pearl Harbor-era view of Japan in the United States was that of a
"treacherous" country-one that still surfaces from time to time, according to
Packard. Reischauer's life's work was to improve American education and
understanding about Japan. While teaching at Harvard University, Reischauer,
along with China studies pioneer John King Fairbank, helped to build the field
of East Asian studies in the United States. Packard credits their efforts for
changing the British imperial-era designation of the "Far East" to "East Asia."
In addition to his works such as Japan,
Past and Present and A History of
East Asian Civilization, Reischauer was committed to writing about Japan in
popular publications like Reader's Digest.
Reischauer served as U.S. Ambassador to Japan from 1961-1966. While there, he
helped to diminish the "Occupation mentality" of Americans in Japan and planted
the seeds for the eventual return of Okinawa, said Packard. During his time as
ambassador, Reischauer suffered many professional and personal setbacks,
including the death of President Kennedy, a supporter of his efforts; the
escalation of the Vietnam War, for which he drew criticism although he was not
a proponent of it; and being stabbed by a deranged student. According to
Packard, after the stabbing incident Reischauer was deeply concerned about
generating negative sentiment toward Japan, and thus intentionally kept quiet
about it to the media. After returning to Harvard University in the late 1960s,
Reischauer continued to draw criticism for the Vietnam War and in later decades
was labeled as a "Japan apologist."
Despite his critics, the wisdom of Reischauer's work in academia and government rings true today, as evidenced by Japan's place as a global economic power and the successful and significant role that the U.S.-Japan relationship plays in the peace and economic stability of East Asia.
BBC World Forum: On President Obama's Jakarta Speech
In an interview on BBC’s “World Today,” Donald K. Emmerson, director of the Southeast Asia Forum, discussed President Obama’s November 10, 2010 speech in Jakarta. Many expected the talk to be addressed to, and focus on, the Muslim world, as a follow-up to Obama's remarks on that topic in Cairo in June 2009. Instead, said Emmerson, Obama did not speak to Muslims everywhere and did not to stress the Muslim character of Indonesia, but chose instead to highlight Indonesia as a diverse and democratic nation of multiple faiths. In Emmerson's judgment, this was the right thing to do.
Donald K. Emmerson
At Stanford, in addition to his work for the Southeast Asia Program and his affiliations with CDDRL and the Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies, Donald Emmerson has taught courses on Southeast Asia in East Asian Studies, International Policy Studies, and Political Science. He is active as an analyst of current policy issues involving Asia. In 2010 the National Bureau of Asian Research and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars awarded him a two-year Research Associateship given to “top scholars from across the United States” who “have successfully bridged the gap between the academy and policy.”
Emmerson’s research interests include Southeast Asia-China-US relations, the South China Sea, and the future of ASEAN. His publications, authored or edited, span more than a dozen books and monographs and some 200 articles, chapters, and shorter pieces. Recent writings include The Deer and the Dragon: Southeast Asia and China in the 21st Century (ed., 2020); “‘No Sole Control’ in the South China Sea,” in Asia Policy (2019); ASEAN @ 50, Southeast Asia @ Risk: What Should Be Done? (ed., 2018); “Singapore and Goliath?,” in Journal of Democracy (2018); “Mapping ASEAN’s Futures,” in Contemporary Southeast Asia (2017); and “ASEAN Between China and America: Is It Time to Try Horsing the Cow?,” in Trans-Regional and –National Studies of Southeast Asia (2017).
Earlier work includes “Sunnylands or Rancho Mirage? ASEAN and the South China Sea,” in YaleGlobal (2016); “The Spectrum of Comparisons: A Discussion,” in Pacific Affairs (2014); “Facts, Minds, and Formats: Scholarship and Political Change in Indonesia” in Indonesian Studies: The State of the Field (2013); “Is Indonesia Rising? It Depends” in Indonesia Rising (2012); “Southeast Asia: Minding the Gap between Democracy and Governance,” in Journal of Democracy (April 2012); “The Problem and Promise of Focality in World Affairs,” in Strategic Review (August 2011); An American Place at an Asian Table? Regionalism and Its Reasons (2011); Asian Regionalism and US Policy: The Case for Creative Adaptation (2010); “The Useful Diversity of ‘Islamism’” and “Islamism: Pros, Cons, and Contexts” in Islamism: Conflicting Perspectives on Political Islam (2009); “Crisis and Consensus: America and ASEAN in a New Global Context” in Refreshing U.S.-Thai Relations (2009); and Hard Choices: Security, Democracy, and Regionalism in Southeast Asia (edited, 2008).
Prior to moving to Stanford in 1999, Emmerson was a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he won a campus-wide teaching award. That same year he helped monitor voting in Indonesia and East Timor for the National Democratic Institute and the Carter Center. In the course of his career, he has taken part in numerous policy-related working groups focused on topics related to Southeast Asia; has testified before House and Senate committees on Asian affairs; and been a regular at gatherings such as the Asia Pacific Roundtable (Kuala Lumpur), the Bali Democracy Forum (Nusa Dua), and the Shangri-La Dialogue (Singapore). Places where he has held various visiting fellowships, including the Institute for Advanced Study and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
Emmerson has a Ph.D. in political science from Yale and a BA in international affairs from Princeton. He is fluent in Indonesian, was fluent in French, and has lectured and written in both languages. He has lesser competence in Dutch, Javanese, and Russian. A former slam poet in English, he enjoys the spoken word and reads occasionally under a nom de plume with the Not Yet Dead Poets Society in Redwood City, CA. He and his wife Carolyn met in high school in Lebanon. They have two children. He was born in Tokyo, the son of U.S. Foreign Service Officer John K. Emmerson, who wrote the Japanese Thread among other books.
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