Health and Medicine

FSI’s researchers assess health and medicine through the lenses of economics, nutrition and politics. They’re studying and influencing public health policies of local and national governments and the roles that corporations and nongovernmental organizations play in providing health care around the world. Scholars look at how governance affects citizens’ health, how children’s health care access affects the aging process and how to improve children’s health in Guatemala and rural China. They want to know what it will take for people to cook more safely and breathe more easily in developing countries.

FSI professors investigate how lifestyles affect health. What good does gardening do for older Americans? What are the benefits of eating organic food or growing genetically modified rice in China? They study cost-effectiveness by examining programs like those aimed at preventing the spread of tuberculosis in Russian prisons. Policies that impact obesity and undernutrition are examined; as are the public health implications of limiting salt in processed foods and the role of smoking among men who work in Chinese factories. FSI health research looks at sweeping domestic policies like the Affordable Care Act and the role of foreign aid in affecting the price of HIV drugs in Africa.

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SPEAKERS BIOS

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chaw chaw
Ms. Ohnmar Ei Ei Chaw is the Country Program Coordinator of the Australian-Asia Program to Combat Trafficking in Persons (AAPTIP) for Myanmar (Burma). Prior to this, she was the United Nations Inter-Agency Project on Human Trafficking’s Myanmar National Coordinator. She is responsible for the overall coordination and management of AAPTIP Myanmar Country Program, which is currently the largest of six country programs in the Australian $50 million five-year AAPTIP program. She liaises closely with whole-of-government partners on issues relevant to criminal justice sector capacity building, coordination, and law and policy harmonization, and other initiatives focusing on anti-trafficking in persons at the national level and regional level especially, ASEAN Trafficking in Persons Working Group’s initiatives.

 

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mark taylor
Mr. Mark Taylor is the Team Leader for the Australia–Asia Program to Combat Trafficking in Persons (AAPTIP). The AAPTIP project was started in June 2013, and is a continuation of the Australian AID-funded Asia Regional Trafficking in Persons (ARTIP) Project. AAPTIP operates at both regional and national level and provides support to the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) and individual partner countries: Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Prior to this, Mr. Taylor spent 10 years working for the US State Department in Washington DC as a Senior Coordinator for Reports and Political Affairs. He spent two years based at the US Embassy in Nigeria where he opened the US State Department’s Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Program in Lagos and Abuja, after years of aid embargo on Abacha ruled Nigeria. Mr. Taylor was in charge of developing and implementing over $12 million in projects over a range of eight issues including drug control, people smuggling, human trafficking, financial fraud, corruption, police reform and money laundering. Mr. Taylor also spent time in Yangon, Myanmar where he was responsible for reporting on the dynamic narco-insurgency landscape in the Shan State, and following the July 1995 release from house arrest of Daw Aung San Suu Kyi -- the political and human rights situation in the country, including coverage of NLD speeches, policy statements, and the party's leadership. He has a degree in Political Science and Government from Gordon College.


This seminar will also feature special discussant, Donald Emmerson, director of the Southeast Asia Program at Shorenstein APARC. 

The panel will be moderated by Helen Stacy, director of the Program on Human Rights at CDDRL.

 

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CISAC Central Conference Room
2nd Floor, Encina Hall
616 Serra St.
Stanford, CA

Mark Taylor Australia-Asia Program to Combat Trafficking in Persons
Ohnmar Ei Ei Chaw Australia-Asia Program to Combat Trafficking in Persons
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Senior Fellow Emeritus at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies
Affiliated Faculty, CDDRL
Affiliated Scholar, Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies
aparc_dke.jpg PhD

At Stanford, in addition to his work for the Southeast Asia Program and his affiliations with CDDRL and the Abbasi Program in Islamic Studies, Donald Emmerson has taught courses on Southeast Asia in East Asian Studies, International Policy Studies, and Political Science. He is active as an analyst of current policy issues involving Asia. In 2010 the National Bureau of Asian Research and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars awarded him a two-year Research Associateship given to “top scholars from across the United States” who “have successfully bridged the gap between the academy and policy.”

Emmerson’s research interests include Southeast Asia-China-US relations, the South China Sea, and the future of ASEAN. His publications, authored or edited, span more than a dozen books and monographs and some 200 articles, chapters, and shorter pieces.  Recent writings include The Deer and the Dragon: Southeast Asia and China in the 21st Century (ed., 2020); “‘No Sole Control’ in the South China Sea,” in Asia Policy  (2019); ASEAN @ 50, Southeast Asia @ Risk: What Should Be Done? (ed., 2018); “Singapore and Goliath?,” in Journal of Democracy (2018); “Mapping ASEAN’s Futures,” in Contemporary Southeast Asia (2017); and “ASEAN Between China and America: Is It Time to Try Horsing the Cow?,” in Trans-Regional and –National Studies of Southeast Asia (2017).

Earlier work includes “Sunnylands or Rancho Mirage? ASEAN and the South China Sea,” in YaleGlobal (2016); “The Spectrum of Comparisons: A Discussion,” in Pacific Affairs (2014); “Facts, Minds, and Formats: Scholarship and Political Change in Indonesia” in Indonesian Studies: The State of the Field (2013); “Is Indonesia Rising? It Depends” in Indonesia Rising (2012); “Southeast Asia: Minding the Gap between Democracy and Governance,” in Journal of Democracy (April 2012); “The Problem and Promise of Focality in World Affairs,” in Strategic Review (August 2011); An American Place at an Asian Table? Regionalism and Its Reasons (2011); Asian Regionalism and US Policy: The Case for Creative Adaptation (2010); “The Useful Diversity of ‘Islamism’” and “Islamism: Pros, Cons, and Contexts” in Islamism: Conflicting Perspectives on Political Islam (2009); “Crisis and Consensus: America and ASEAN in a New Global Context” in Refreshing U.S.-Thai Relations (2009); and Hard Choices: Security, Democracy, and Regionalism in Southeast Asia (edited, 2008).

Prior to moving to Stanford in 1999, Emmerson was a professor of political science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, where he won a campus-wide teaching award. That same year he helped monitor voting in Indonesia and East Timor for the National Democratic Institute and the Carter Center. In the course of his career, he has taken part in numerous policy-related working groups focused on topics related to Southeast Asia; has testified before House and Senate committees on Asian affairs; and been a regular at gatherings such as the Asia Pacific Roundtable (Kuala Lumpur), the Bali Democracy Forum (Nusa Dua), and the Shangri-La Dialogue (Singapore). Places where he has held various visiting fellowships, including the Institute for Advanced Study and the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 



Emmerson has a Ph.D. in political science from Yale and a BA in international affairs from Princeton. He is fluent in Indonesian, was fluent in French, and has lectured and written in both languages. He has lesser competence in Dutch, Javanese, and Russian. A former slam poet in English, he enjoys the spoken word and reads occasionally under a nom de plume with the Not Yet Dead Poets Society in Redwood City, CA. He and his wife Carolyn met in high school in Lebanon. They have two children. He was born in Tokyo, the son of U.S. Foreign Service Officer John K. Emmerson, who wrote the Japanese Thread among other books.

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Rapid urbanization has led to an enormous influx of people in China migrating from rural to urban areas. Professor Hai Fang will talk about health care disparities in the management of hypertension in China for rural-to-urban migrants and understand the role of health insurance in affecting these disparities. Rural-to-urban migrants are compared to residents remaining in the rural areas. Hypertension management means whether one individual is aware of his or her hypertension, and (if being aware) whether they use medication treatment, monitor blood pressure, receive physician advice, or control blood pressure to the normal range.  Professor Fang and his co-authors find that rural-to-urban migrants had worse hypertention management than residents permanently living in rural or urban areas.  These findings suggest that it is critical to extend urban health insurance coverage and primary care services to rural-to-urban migrants, and further integrate rural and urban health insurance plans to achieve universal coverage in China.

Professor Hai Fang is currently a Professor of Health Economics at the China Center for Health Development Studies at Peking University in China.  He is also a research associate at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University.  He graduated from Tianjin University (BA) and Nankai University (MA), and received his MA and PhD in Economics, and Master in Public Health from the State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Migration, Health Insurance and Health Care Disparities: Evidence from Hypertension Management in China
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Philippines Conference Room

Encina Hall Central, 3rd Floor

Stanford, CA 94305

Hai Fang Professor of Health Economics Professor of Health Economics, Peking University
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As the new academic year gets underway, the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center’s Corporate Affiliates Program is excited to welcome its new class of fellows to Stanford University.

The 2014-15 fellows and their affiliations are listed below:

  • Liang Fang, China Sunrain Solar Energy Co., Ltd.
  • Wataru Fukuda, Shizuoka Prefectural Government
  • Zhao Han, PetroChina
  • Yoshihiro Kaga, Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry, Japan
  • Tsuyoshi Koshikawa, Ministry of Finance, Japan
  • Jaigeun Lim, Seoul Metropolitan Government
  • Yun Bae Lim, Samsung LIfe Insurance
  • Feng Lin, ACON Biotechnology
  • Yasunori Matsui, Mitsubishi Electric
  • Tatsuru Nakajima, Sumitomo Corporation
  • Shingo Nakano, Ministry of Economy, Trade & Industry, Japan
  • Ryuichi Ohta, Japan Patent Office
  • Jong Soo Paek, Samsung Electronics
  • Rajeev Prasad, Reliance Life Sciences
  • Ryuichiro Takeshita, Asahi Shimbun
  • Ryo Wakabayashi, Sumitomo Corporation
  • Changbao Zhang, PetroChina

At Stanford, the fellows will audit classes, work on English language skills, and conduct individual research projects. At the end of the year, they will give formal presentations on their research findings. At the Center, they will have the opportunity to consult with Shorenstein APARC's scholars and attend events featuring visiting experts from around the world. The fellows will also participate in special events and site visits to gain a firsthand understanding of business, society and culture in the United States.

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The 2014-15 Corporate Affiliate Visiting Fellows stand on the front steps of Encina Hall. | Rod Searcey
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Japan has experienced pronounced population aging, and now has the highest proportion of elderly adults in the world. Yet few projections of Japan’s future demography go beyond estimating population by age and sex to forecast the complex evolution of the health and functioning of the future elderly. This study adapts to the Japanese population the Future Elderly Model (FEM), a demographic and economic Markov microsimulation model that projects the health conditions and functional status of Japan’s elderly population in order to estimate disability, health, and need for long term care. We develop the model based on the recently released multiple waves of the Japan Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR) survey, the Japanese version of the Health and Retirement Study-like family of internationally comparable surveys. Using detailed data on a panel of Japanese aged 50-75 starting in 2007, we tailor the health transition matrix of the FEM model to the Japanese context, estimate conditional mortality probabilities consistent with Japanese national vital statistics, and use a state-transition Markov model to project trends in the disability and functioning of Japan’s future elderly population.

Brian K. Chen is Assistant Professor in the Department of Health Services Policy and Management at the Arnold School of Public Health at the University of South Carolina. A health economist, Brian completed his Ph.D. in business administration in the Business and Public Policy Group at the Haas School of Business, University of California at Berkeley. Before beginning his current faculty position at the University of South Carolina, Dr. Chen was the 2009-2010 postdoctoral fellow in Asian Health Policy at Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, and earned a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1997.

Philippines Conference Room

Encina Hall Central, 3rd Floor.

Stanford, CA 94305

 

Brian K. Chen, J.D., PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health University of South Carolina
Hawre Jalal, PhD Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Primary Care and Outcome Research Stanford University School of Medicine
Michael Hurley Stanford School of Medicine
Lena Shoemaker Research Associate, Center for Health Policy/Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research Stanford University
Jay Bhattacharya, MD, PhD Associate Professor Stanford School of Medicine
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AHPP and CEAS joint event

Three distinguished healthcare entrepreneurs will share their experiences in adding value within health systems of East Asia. Mr. Zhang, founder of iKang Healthcare Group, Inc., will share his experience with merging traditional healthcare with a versatile online platform to build a preventative healthcare service network in China. Dr. Yang will share his experience in Taiwan and China to analyze opportunities in China, and use a case study of MissionCare to exemplify Value-driven Business Transformation. Dr. Wei will share his vision for Borderless Healthcare Group.

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Mr. Lee Ligang Zhang has been a successful entrepreneur and business executive since 1998, bringing his knowledge and acumen to a number of companies in his professional career that range from healthcare to the Internet. Mr. Zhang founded iKang Healthcare Group, Inc. (“iKang”) in December 2003, successfully merging traditional healthcare with a versatile online platform to build a preventative healthcare service network that spanned the entire country. This “anytime, anywhere” network was to become the blueprint for the industry that transformed how customers accessed healthcare services in China. Since its inception, Mr. Zhang has been serving as its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and has overseen many important milestones in its lifetime. iKang was listed on the NASDAQ on April 9, 2014 and is currently the largest provider in China's fast growing private preventive healthcare services market, accounting for approximately 12.3% of market share in terms of revenue in 2013.

Prior to iKang, Mr. Zhang was a co-founder of eLong.com, a NASDAQ-listed online travel service company, and served as CEO of its China operation from 1999 to 2003. From 1998 to 1999, Mr. Zhang served as head of product development at Sohu.com, a leading NASDAQ-listed Chinese Internet company. Mr. Zhang founded the Harvard China Review in 1997 and co-founded the Harvard China Forum in 1998 while studying at Harvard University.

Mr. Zhang studied biology as an undergraduate student at Fudan University in China, and went on to receive a bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry from Concordia College in the US before obtaining a master's degree in genetics from Harvard University. Mr. Zhang has been a member of the Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Science Alumni Association Council since 2005, and also serves as Vice President of the Harvard Club of Beijing and the Shanghai Alumni Association at Fudan University.

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Dr. Fred Hung-Jen Yang is a physician executive and is currently Chairman of MissionCare Inc,, and President of Healthcare Corporation of Asia, a company that owns and operates four community hospitals and seven long-term care facilities in northern Taiwan.

After graduating from National Taiwan University Medical School with an MD degree in 1994, Fred chose to pursue a career in healthcare management.  He earned a Master of Public Health (MPH) degree from Harvard in 1995 and an MBA from the Drucker School of Management at Claremont Graduate University, CA in 1997. Before going back to Taiwan in 1998, he worked as a financial analyst for Tenet Healthcare System, the second largest hospital chain in the US. He is currently a candidate in the doctorate program of Johns Hopkins Doctor of Public Health Part-time Program.

Since 1998, Dr. Yang has been actively serving  the MissionCare Group in many important capacities, such as Chief Financial Officer, Chief Operation Officer and, Chief Executive Officer.

Over the past ten years, Dr. Yang has made significant contributions not only to his company but also to the healthcare industry in Taiwan. Under his leadership, MissionCare became Taiwan’s first JCI accredited hospital, hence helping to elevate Taiwan’s healthcare quality to a higher level.

In addition to hospital management, Dr. Yang also excels at health economics, financial engineering and strategic management. In 2010, he received an Ernst & Young Taiwan Entrepreneur Award for conducting the successful listing of his company on the Taipei OTC, making it the only hospital group listed in Taiwan.

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Dr. Wei Siang Yu is a globally renowned pioneer in healthcare TMT (Technology, Media and Telecommunication). He is the founder of Borderless Healthcare Group of companies which operates borderless healthcare initiatives around the world. Dr. Wei graduated as one of the top students at Monash Medical School in 1995 and went against the conventional career path of an honours student to become a medical inventor in the space of digital bio-communication. He gained worldwide recognition in his work on social application of digital bio-communication and became the youngest nominee of CNN People Choice Award in 2003. Dr. Wei’s work was featured by international media all around the world including Discovery Channel, CNN, BBC, Fox News, CNBC, ABC, Time, Wired, ZDF German TV, ARTE French TV, Japan TV, Yomiuri Shimbun, Korean SBS TV, Figaro, Asian Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Guardian UK, LA Times, Channel News Asia, Age, Sunday Times UK, Newsweek, Tatler, Bazaar, Marie Claire New York, Glamour Paris etc. Today, Dr. Wei chairs the Borderless Healthcare Group of companies with the key role of converging global healthcare practices with technology, media and telecommunication applications via strategic partnerships and merger & acquisition.

Philippines Conference Room

Encina Hall Central, 3rd Floor.

Stanford, CA 94305

 

 

Mr. Lee Ligang Zhang Chairman and CEO, Ikang Healthcare Croup, Inc.
Dr. Fred Hung-Jen Yang Chairman, MissionCare, Inc
Dr. Wei Siang Yu Founder, Borderless Healthcare Group
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Little empirical evidence exists on the health costs of air pollution in China, one of the most polluted countries in the world. Unsurprisingly, the lack of reliable data on pollution levels and health outcomes impede research. Because the pollution-health relationship is likely non-linear, it is difficult to extrapolate from existing high quality studies in developed countries to ascertain health costs. We address this deficiency by obtaining new data on Beijing’s daily mortality April 2008-April 2013 from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We combine these data with daily pollution measures from the US Embassy in Beijing, which records particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less in width (PM 2.5). We find that after controlling for weather conditions, year, month, and day of week fixed effects, daily PM2.5 indeed predicts daily mortality, particularly deaths from cardiovaslular disease. A 100 μg/m3 increase in daily PM2.5 is associated with 7 deaths daily, among them 4 cardiovascular deaths, and 0.8 respiratory deaths. Furthermore, deaths among less-educated and outdoor workers show a stronger relationship to PM2.5 levels. Notably, the relationship is robust to controlling for the official measure of Beijing’s air pollution, the average daily air pollution index (API), despite the fact that PM2.5 is measured by 1 monitor at the US embassy whereas API (and mortality) combine data from across the Beijing metropolitan area. Indeed, Beijing’s API does not have a significant relationship to mortality once AQI at the Embassy is accounted for. Our finding supports previous research arguing for measuring PM 2.5 and reporting it promptly to the public. 
 
Shuang Zhang is an assistant professor in the Department of Economics at University of Colorado Boulder. She works on various topics in development, including health, education, environment, political economy, etc,. with a focus on China. She holds a PhD in Economics from Cornell University and was a postdoctoral fellow in SIEPR of Stanford University in 2012-13.

Philippines Conference Room

Shuang Zhang assistant professor in the Department of Economics Speaker University of Colorado Boulder
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Between 1950 and 1980, China experienced the most rapid sustained increase in life expectancy of any population in documented global history. We know of no study that has quantitatively assessed the relative importance of the various explanations proposed for this gain in survival. We have created and analysed a new, province-level panel data set spanning the decades between 1950 and 1980 by combining historical information from China's public health archives, official provincial yearbooks, and infant and child mortality records contained in the 1988 National Survey of Fertility and Contraception. Although exploratory, our results suggest that gains in school enrolment and public health campaigns together are associated with 55–70 per cent of China's dramatic reductions in infant and under-5 mortality during our study period. These results underscore the importance of non-medical determinants of population health, and suggest that, in some circumstances, general education of the population may amplify the effectiveness of public health interventions.

Mao Mortality Analysis Data (Stata File)

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Population Studies (Cambridge)
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Karen Eggleston
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On April 3, 2014, Karen Eggleston provided testimony before the U.S-China Economic and Security Review Commission at the "Hearing on China’s Healthcare Sector, Drug Safety, and the U.S.-China Trade in Medical Products."

Some of the questions addressed included:

  • How has the nature of disease in China changed in recent decades? What kind of burden might it place on China's future development?
  • If providers are "inducing" demand by overprescribing drugs, it this a public health crisis in the making?
  • Can you outline the pros and cons of market reform in China's healthcare sector? What might be the proper role of the state of improving healthcare delivery?
  • Kan bing nan, kan bing gui (inaccessible and unaffordable healthcare) is one of the top concerns of ordinary Chinese. Which groups are most affected? Is this a global problem, what lessons can we learn from China?
  • The pharmaceuticals industry features in China's Medium and Long-term Plan for Science and Technology (2006-2020), as well as in more recent measures to promote indigenous innovation and industrial upgrading. Is it fair to say that the Chinese government is prioritizing domestic pharmaceutical companies, which foster economic growth, over the welfare of patients?
  • What were major successes and failures of the 2009 healthcare reforms [in China]? How have those reforms been supplemented by more recent measures (e.g. last November's Third Plenum)?
  • What aspects of China's healthcare reform should the U.S. government and U.S. companies pay most attention to?
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