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Scholars describe the East Asian--Japanese and South Korean--state as a network state that guides the private sector by means of embedded relationships (i.e., informal persuasive ties). In theoretical terms, these embedded ties represent informally institutionalized social capital. This study refines the network state thesis by comparing embedded ties with tangible resource exchanges in their effects upon political influence among political (organizational) actors in Japanese and U.S. labor politics. The network state thesis predicts that in Japan embedded ties should channel the flow of tangible resources (e.g., vital information, political support), and that embedded third party brokers should mediate this flow. Embedded ties have generally pervaded the Japanese polity, whereas in the United States, they have remained concentrated within the labor sector. In Japan, the embedded ties form a "bow tie" pattern: the Ministry of Labor (MOL) bridges a structural hole between corporatistic business and labor. The presence of embedded third parties predicts the dyadic exchange of information. Political support, by contrast, forms a distinct, nonembedded network, centered on political parties. Tensions between the embedded network and the instrumental political support network help explain characteristics of Japanese politics, such as the relative slowness of its response to financial crisis.

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Publication Type
Working Papers
Publication Date
Journal Publisher
Shorenstein APARC
Authors
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Since 1997, Dr. Richard Bush has been the leadig on-site practitioner of US-Taiwan relations. He was appointed to the Board of the American Institute of Taiwan by Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, and named Chairman and Managing Dircetor at the same time. Prior to his appointment, he was staff to the International Relations Committee in the United States House of Representatives, and also served as National Intelligence Officer for East Asia. He holds a doctorate in political science from Columbia University.

Bechtel Conference Center

Dr. Richard Bush Chairman of the Board and Managing Director Speaker The American Institute in Taiwan
Workshops
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A Stanford Alumnus, Brigadier General Eikenberry currently serves as Defense Attache in Bejing, China - an assignment he has held since November, 1997. Earlier in his distinguished career in the United States Army, Brigadier General Eikenberry served in such assignments as National Security Fellow at the Kennedy School of Government; Chief of Foreign Area Officer Proponency Division in the Strategy Plans and Policy Directorate; and Senior Country Director for China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Mongolia in the Office of the Secretary of Defense. *** Luncheon will be provided. RSVP required. 650-725-6501. ***

Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room

Brigadier General Karl W. Eikenberry Defense Attache, Beijing Speaker United States Army
Panel Discussions
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12.00 p.m. Mr. Hiroyuki FUNAGURA (Toyobo Co., Ltd., Japan) Digital Subscriber Line Research. 12.15 p.m. Ms. Reiko HAYASAKA (Sankei Shimbun, Japan) The Outlook of the Japanese Press Club. 12.30 p.m. Mr. Toshiya KOINUMA (Asahi Shimbun, Japan) Open Source Software Development and its Influence on the Software Industry. 1.00 p.m. Mr. Hidenori MITSUI (Ministry of Finance, Japan) Comparison of American and Japanese Law Fundamentals: Focusing on Tax Law. 1.20 p.m. Mr. Yoshihiko MURASAWA (The Tokyo Electric Power Co., Inc., Japan) Decision-Making Systems of Building Nuclear Power Stations in Japan. 1.40 p.m. Mr. Kiyoshi NOGUCHI (Yomiuri Shimbun, Japan) The Future of Japanese E-commerce.

Okimoto Conference Room, Encina Hall, East Wing, Third Floor

Seminars
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John Wilson Lewis, William Haas Professor Emeritus of Chinese Politics at Stanford University, is one the founders of the field of contemporary China studies. After receiving a doctorate from UCLA, he taught at Cornell University before coming to Stanford in 1968. He founded and directed Stanford's Center for East Asian Studies, as well as the Center for International Security and Arms Control, and the Northeast Asia-United States Forum on International Policy (now Shorenstein APARC). He currently directs the Project on Peace and Cooperation in the Asian-Pacific Region. Professor Lewis has written widely about China, Asia, and security matters. Many of his works have long been required reading for students of Chinese politics, especially his still often cited Leadership in Communist China. His edited volumes include: The City in Communist China, Party Leadership and Revolutionary Power in China, Peasant Rebellion and Communist Revolution in Asia, and Next Steps in the Creation of an Accidental Nuclear War Prevention Center. His history of the Chinese nuclear weapons program, China Builds the Bomb, written with Xue Litai, is published both in English (by Stanford University Press), and, in Chinese, by the Atomic Energy Press in Beijing. He has also co-authored Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao, and the Korean War and China's Strategic Seapower: The Politics of Force Modernization in the Nuclear Age. In addition to his work at Stanford, John Lewis has served on the Committee on International Security and Arms Control of the National Academy of Sciences, the Joint Committee on Contemporary China of the Social Science Research Council, and the National Committee on U.S.-China Relations. He has been a consultant to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and the Department of Defense, and is currently a consultant to Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the Office of Technology Assessment, U.S. Congress. He has made numerous visits to the People's Republic of China (PRC), Japan, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and the Soviet Union/Russian Federation.

Bechtel Conference Center

John Lewis William Haas Professor Emeritus of Chinese Politics Speaker Stanford University
Lectures
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Recent research on career mobility under communism suggests that party membership and education may have had different effects in administrative and professional careers. Using life history data from a nationally representative 1996 survey of urban Chinese adults, we subject this finding to more stringent tests and find even stronger contrasts between career paths. Only recently has college education improved a high school graduate's odds of becoming an elite administrator, while it has always been a virtual prerequisite for a professional position. On the other hand, party membership, always a prerequisite for top administrative posts, has never improved the odds of becoming an elite professional. We also find that professionals rarely become administrators, and vice versa. Differences between career paths have evolved over the decades, but they remain sharp. Thus, China has a hybrid mobility regime in which the loyalty principles of a political machine are combined with, and segregated from, the meritocratic standards of modern professions. Recent changes may reflect a return to generic state socialist practices rejected in the Mao years rather than the influence of an emerging market economy.

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Journal Articles
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American Sociological Review
Authors
Andrew G. Walder
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Why do some regions seem more innovative then other regions? What is the secret of successful regions? Based on research in several innovative regions, Collaborative Economics has identified some of the factors that shape success. Doug Henton, President of Collaborative Economics based in Palo Alto will present results from the 2000 Index of Silicon Valley and the results of a recent study on Innovative Regions which analyzes trends in several American regions including Austin, Route 128, Northern Virginia, San Diego as well as Silicon Valley. Doug founded Collaborative Economics in July 1993 after a decade as assistant director of SRI International's Center for Economic Competitiveness. At SRI, Doug directed local strategy projects in diverse regions, including Tampa, Florida; Southern California; and Austin, Texas. He led major state-level strategy development projects in Arizona, Florida, and California, and provided consulting assistance to the President's Commission on Industrial Competitiveness, the Western Governors Association, the U.S. Department of Commerce, and the Appalachian Regional Commission. Internationally, Doug directed major projects on the economic future of Hong Kong, the technopolis strategy in Japan, and regional development in China. Doug holds a bachelor's degree in political science and economics from Yale University and a master of public policy degree from the University of California, Berkeley.

Okimoto Conference Room, Encina Hall, East Wing, Third Floor

Doug Henton President Speaker Collaborative Economics, Palo Alto
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