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While globally successful Japanese industries were able to use their domestic market as a springboard into international markets, Japan’s telecommunications sector became decoupled from global markets, trapping Japanese ICT firms in the domestic market. This persistent pattern of leading without followers was not simply the result of misguided technological choices, ill-informed corporate strategies, or insular government standard-setting processes. Rather, the dynamics of competition, shaped and reshaped by political dynamics and regulatory structures, decoupled it from global markets. These dynamics created a “Galapagos effect,” in which winning in an isolated domestic market led to losing in global markets. Major regulatory shifts transformed the dynamics of competition since the late 1990s, decreasing the isolation of Japan’s telecommunications sector, but some factors pulling it along a proprietary trajectory persist. This paper highlights the dilemma of how to develop beyond a follower status, but avoid becoming a leader without followers.

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Journal of Industry, Competition, and Trade
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Kenji E. Kushida
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The Corporate Affiliates Program at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) provides organizations with sponsorship opportunities to support the Center's research mission. Corporate affiliates enter into continuing relationships with Shorenstein APARC, gaining enhanced access to the Center's research on contemporary Asia and to the Program's key component: the Visiting Fellows Program, which allows affiliates to send personnel to live, study, and conduct relevant research on the Stanford University campus.

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Over thirty-five scholars from sixteen different universities in the United States, Japan, and Europe gathered in Bechtel Hall for a two-day academic conference entitled Entrepreneurship and Japan's Transformation.

At the conference, twelve new papers exploring aspects of Japan's entrepreneurial environment were presented from academic fields such as political science, economics, strategy, and organization theory. The papers and discussion examined new developments in Japan, including potential opportunities opening up after the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake. Topics ranged from new firm profitability, the politics of firm creation, management of innovation, and large firm entrepreneurial processes in Japan. The goal was to lead toward a better understanding of the nature of entrepreneurship, and how analyses of Japan might inform more theoretical discussions.

The conference also opened and closed with panel discussions featuring prominent experts on Japan's economics, social systems, business, and government, who discussed the effects of the great earthquake on Japan today as well as the possible impact on future research about Japan. The papers and discussions presented at this conference will be presented for publication in various journals and also compiled into an edited volume.

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Tomi Brooks
Tomi Brooks
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Dan Wang, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Sociology at Stanford, delivered an engaging talk on the economic impact of skilled return migrants on their home countries.

While much scholarship contends that members of skilled diasporas are ideally positioned to transfer knowledge and resources back to their home countries, Wang's research suggests that many returnees are often unable and/or unwilling to do so. In this last SPRIE seminar of the spring quarter, Wang presented findings from a novel 1997–2011 survey of over 4,250 former J1 Visa holders from over 80 countries. The principal outcome studied concerns how skilled returnees reapply and make use of the knowledge they gain abroad (in this case, the United States) upon reentry to their home countries. Specifically, Wang compared the knowledge transfer outcomes of returnees to those who stayed abroad, and contrasted returnees from different countries and industry contexts, including returnee entrepreneurs.

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Dan Wang's seminar on reversing the brain drain at SPRIE on May 31, 2011.
Yan Mei
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