Stanford University

Education

The Effect of Coresidence with an Adult Child on Depressive Symptoms among Older Widowed Women in South Korea: An Instrumental Variable Estimation

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The objective of this paper is to estimate the causal effect of coresidence with an adult child on depressive symptoms among older widowed women in South Korea. Data from the first and second waves of the Korea Longitudinal Study of Aging were used. Analysis was restricted to widowed women aged ≥ 65 years with at least one living child (N=2,449). We use an instrumental variable approach that exploits the cultural setting where number of sons predicts the probability of an elderly woman's coresidence with an adult child but is not directly correlated with the mother's depressive symptoms. Our models adjust for age, education, total assets, residence, functional limitations, self-rated health, and various illnesses. Our robust estimation results indicate that, among older widowed women, coresidence with an adult child has a significant protective effect on depressive symptoms, but that this effect does not necessarily benefit those with clinically relevant depressive symptoms. Future demographic and social transitions in South Korea portend that older women’s increasing vulnerability to poor mental health is an important though less visible public health challenge.
Keywords: living arrangements, coresidence, depressive symptomatology, elderly, KLoSA

Published: Do, Young Kyung, and Chetna Malhotra. "The effect of coresidence with an adult child on depressive symptoms among older widowed women in South Korea: an instrumental variables estimation." The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences 67.3 (2012): 384-391.

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Asia Health Policy Program working paper #20
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Young Kyung Do
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Edwin O. Reischauer and the American Discovery of Japan

Edwin O. Reischauer, Harvard Professor and U.S. Ambassador to Japan, was a seminal figure in both American education about and policy toward East Asia. In his detailed new biography, Dr. George Packard brings together his scholarship and his personal experience working for Reischauer in the early 1960s.

Re-centering the U.S.-Japan Alliance after the turmoil of the 1960 Security Treaty Riots, Ambassador Reischauer relied on his deep understanding of and sympathy for Japan, stabilizing the bilateral relationship for decades. Packard's insights on this history have bearing today as the United States and Japan seek to build a new partnership to cope with emerging challenges.

George R. Packard, president of the United States-Japan Foundation, is the former dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, where he founded Johns Hopkins's Foreign Policy Institute, The SAIS Review, the Reischauer Center for East Asian Studies, and the Hopkins-Nanjing Center in China. He has been a military intelligence officer, Foreign Service Officer, journalist, scholar, educator, and author.

Philippines Conference Room

Dr. George Packard President Speaker The United States-Japan Foundation
Seminars

U.S.-DPRK Educational Exchanges: Assessment and Future Strategy

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The workshop will review and assess educational exchanges and programs with the DPRK over the last decade to explore effective strategies for the future.  Each speaker will present a paper describing and analizing:

  1. what has been done based on the presenter's personal and professional experiences;
  2. what has been most successful and why, what has been less successful and more
    challenging and why;
  3. what areas of educational exchanges should be the focus in coming years and why; and
  4. what strategies are suggested to realize such exchanges and why.

A conference report will be published based on the presentations and discussions.

Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room

Conferences

Sangho Moon

Shorenstein APARC
Stanford University
Encina Hall, Room E301
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

(650) 725-2507 (650) 723-6530
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Sangho Moon is professor of Economics and Social Policy at the Department of Public Administration, Sungkyunkwan University. His research interest focuses on evaluating social policy in the context of East Asian Welfare States. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and taught at the Tennessee State University. His recent papers appeared in the International Journal of Public Administration, Review of Public Policy, Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, Economic Inquiry, Economics of Education Review, Health Policy, BMC Public Health, Women's Health Issues, and Clinical Research and Regulatory Affairs. http://web.skku.edu/~smoon/

2010-2011 Visiting Scholar

Second Annual Symposium on Japanese Entrepreneurship

On November 1, 2010 the 2nd annual Symposium on Japanese Entrepreneurship was held in Tokyo, Japan. The purpose of the symposium was to present insights on entrepreneurship to engage broader Japanese interests and further the national discussion. 

The symposium was held jointly by the University of Tokyo and SPRIE-STAJE, and made possible by a joint effort with the Japan Academic Society for Ventures and Entrepreneurs (JASVE) and the Nikkei Shimbun.

Also sponsoring the symposium were Tokyo AIM (the organization of stock exchanges), the Innovation Network Corporation of Japan (INCJ), and the University of Tokyo’s Science Entrepreneurship and Enterprise Development (SEED) - Division of University Corporate Relations (DUCR).

U.S. Ambassador John Roos made the keynote speech at the symposium. Presenting panels on "Risk Money, the Role of Venture Capital, and Exit Strategies" and "Entrepreneurship Education: Help for Japan's Entrepreneurs?" were academic, business and government participants from Keidanren, Sumitomo Corporation, Mitsubishi Estate Corporation, AZCA and the University of Tokyo Enterprise Center, in addition to scholars from Stanford and other universities, including the University of Tokyo.

Following the public symposium, on November 2, there was a closed academic conference with presentation and discussion of new papers in support of the project.

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Hitotsubashi Memorial Auditorium
Tokyo, Japan

Symposiums

Asian Immigration to the United States

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Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room

Gary Mukai Director at Stanford Program on International and Cross-cultural Education (SPICE) Speaker
Seminars

Patient Preferences, Concerns, and Satisfaction with Providers before the Chinese Urban Health System Reform: A Social Groups Analysis

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Many Chinese express dissatisfaction with their healthcare system with the popular phrase Kan bing nan, kan bing gui (“medical treatment is difficult to access and expensive”). Critics have cited inefficiencies in delivery and poor quality of services.  Determining the pattern of patient satisfaction with health services in China—and the causes of patient dissatisfaction—may help to improve health care not only in China but in countries in similar predicaments throughout the world.

Using data from a sample of 5,036 residents from 17 provinces collected in a 2008 household survey by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, we analyze the patterns of patient preferences, concerns, and satisfaction among six social groups, classified by socioeconomic status including education level, income, and type of employment.

From regression results we conclude that the gap between what patients predict their service will entail and what they perceive the service actually did entail is the key determinant of lower satisfaction, especially for patients who care most about the quality of service and patients with higher social positions. Patients from lower social groups are more concerned with price and the attitudes of medical professionals, and generally express higher satisfaction with their health care experiences than their wealthier peers, despite receiving lower-level services. Patients with higher social positions are more concerned with the technical competence and quality of providers, and struggle with what they perceive as a lack of freedom to purchase and receive their desired services, as well as long waiting times and poor physician-patient interactions. These patterns of patient satisfaction appear to be the consequence of China’s unreliable basic delivery system, lack of advanced health service supply, and distorted health market. We discuss how what we have learned about patients’ dissatisfaction can be used to restructure the delivery system to better meet and shape patients’ needs.

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Asia Health Policy Program working paper #17
Authors
Qunhong Shen

Back to the Future? Pre-World War II Europe and Corporatist Regionalism in Southeast Asia

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The European Union’s efforts to export its model of regional integration have often been contrasted with the persistently top-down character of the Association of the Southeast Asian Nations.  Few, however, have examined the actual pattern of interest representation inside ASEAN and the extent to which it has been influenced by EU norms. 

The findings are surprising:  Neither has the EU actively promoted its essentially liberal-pluralist brand of interest representation in Southeast Asia, nor have ASEAN elites been inclined to adopt it, notwithstanding domestic pressures to make the Association more “people-centered.”  ASEAN elites have instead equipped the organization with a top-down, state-centered political culture with corporatist and organicist features reminiscent of Europe before World War II.

Jürgen Rüland is a professor of political science at the University of Freiburg, whose Southeast Asia Program he chairs with support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research.  He also heads the Advisory Council of the German Institute of Global and Area Studies (Hamburg).  Together with Christl Kessler, he was awarded the William Holland Prize for the best article published in Pacific Affairs in 2006.  His research interests include Southeast Asian regionalism, interactions between different regions, and processes of cultural appropriation.  He will be at Stanford from September through December 2010

Daniel and Nancy Okimoto Conference Room

Jürgen Rüland 2010 Lee Kong Chian NUS-Stanford Distinguished Fellow Speaker Stanford University
Seminars

How Should We Think About China?

Michael Armacost recently gave a talk, examining the “rise” of China, at a gathering of international affairs experts. “How should we think of China,” asked Armacost, saying, “Some portray Beijing as a looming military threat; some regard it as our most promising global partner; some expect it to compete fiercely with us for global economic leadership.” Armacost looked at China’s military, trade, economics, and education in relation to the United States and shared thoughts for preparing the United States to become more competitive for the future.

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Michael H. Armacost

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Former Shorenstein APARC Fellow
Michael_Armacost.jpg PhD

Michael Armacost (April 15, 1937 – March 8, 2025) was a Shorenstein APARC Fellow at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) from 2002 through 2021. In the interval between 1995 and 2002, Armacost served as president of Washington, D.C.'s Brookings Institution, the nation's oldest think tank and a leader in research on politics, government, international affairs, economics, and public policy. Previously, during his twenty-four-year government career, Armacost served, among other positions, as undersecretary of state for political affairs and as ambassador to Japan and the Philippines.

Armacost began his career in academia, as a professor of government at Pomona College. In 1969, he was awarded a White House Fellowship and was assigned to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of State. Following a stint on the State Department's policy planning and coordination staff, he became a special assistant to the U.S. ambassador in Tokyo from 1972 to 74, his first foreign diplomatic post. Thereafter, he held senior Asian affairs and international security posts in the State Department, the Defense Department, and the National Security Council. From 1982 to 1984, he served as U.S. ambassador to the Philippines and was a key force in helping the country undergo a nonviolent transition to democracy. In 1989, President George Bush tapped him to become ambassador to Japan, considered one of the most important and sensitive U.S. diplomatic posts abroad.

Armacost authored four books, including, Friends or Rivals? The Insider's Account of U.S.–Japan Relations (1996), which draws on his tenure as ambassador, and Ballots, Bullets, and Bargains: American Foreign Policy and Presidential Elections (2015). He also co-edited, with Daniel Okimoto, the Future of America's Alliances in Northeast Asia, published in 2004 by Shorenstein APARC. Armacost served on numerous corporate and nonprofit boards, including TRW, AFLAC, Applied Materials, USEC, Inc., Cargill, Inc., and Carleton College, and he currently chairs the board of The Asia Foundation.  

A native of Ohio, Armacost graduated from Carleton College and earned his master's and doctorate degrees in public law and government from Columbia University. He received the President's Distinguished Service Award, the Defense Department's Distinguished Civilian Service Award, the Secretary of State's Distinguished Services Award, and the Japanese government’s Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun.

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