Climate Change and the Social Discount Rate Debate
Climate change policy is intended in part to prevent or reduce climate change-induced disasters, events that may occur far in the future. Evaluating the validity of climate change policy thus requires a process to discount the future benefits and costs into present value. Some argue that the capital rate of return observed in the market should be used, while others advocate the use of a much lower rate to maintain intergenerational neutrality. In his talk, Professor Seong Wook Heo will discuss this debate and several related issues.
Seong Wook Heo is an associate professor in the School of Law at Seoul National University (SNU), where he teaches administrative and environmental law, and courses on law and economics. He received a PhD in law from Seoul National University. Before joining the faculty of SNU, he served as a judge of the Seoul Central District Court.
Philippines Conference Room
Seong Wook Heo
Shorenstein APARC
Stanford University
Encina Hall, Room E335
Stanford, CA 94305-6055
Dr. Heo is a visiting scholar at the Korean Studies Program for 2010-2011. He is an associate professor at Seoul National University Law School in Korea. He holds a Ph. D. in law from Seoul National University. Before joining the faculty of SNU, he served as a judge of Seoul Central District Court in Korea.
Celebrating ten years of Korean studies at Stanford
"I would like to invite my colleagues, students, friends, and supporters to celebrate what we have worked together to achieve over the last decade and I ask you all to join me in continuing this record of achievement in the decade to come."
Gi-Wook Shin
Stanford KSP Director
Gi-Wook Shin came from the University of California, Los Angeles to Stanford University in 2001 to establish a program in Korean studies. "Naturally, I had mixed feelings—of excitement and hope, but also of anxiety and uncertainty," says Shin. "Looking back, I made the right decision." The Stanford Korean Studies Program (KSP), today a thriving and vibrant program at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC), recently held a series of major events to celebrate its tenth anniversary in February 2011.
Stanford KSP is unique among other Korean studies programs in its interdisciplinary, social science-based research focus on contemporary Korea. The U.S.-Korea relationship, particularly policy issues, is strongly emphasized in the program's research and publishing activities. Stanford KSP is instrumental in the success of Shorenstein APARC's two initiatives—the Korea-U.S. West Coast Strategic Forum and the New Beginnings policy study group—aimed at improving policy-making decisions in the two countries.
The program is grateful for the strong and generous support it has received from individuals, corporations, and foundations since the very beginning. In 1999, an endowment was established for the professorship that Shin holds, the Tong Yang, Korea Foundation, and Korea Stanford Alumni Chair of Korean Studies, which was followed closely by funding for two more Korea chairs. In 2004, Dr. Jeong H. and Cynthia Kim provided funding to establish a professorship named after former U.S. Secretary of Defense William J. Perry. Dr. Kim is President of Bell Labs at Alcatel-Lucent and a member of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Advisory Board. A search is currently underway to fill this important position. The Korea Foundation then donated funds in 2005 to establish a third professorship, which is currently held by Yumi Moon of the Department of History.
Stanford KSP has successfully established two annual professional fellowship
programs, the Pantech Fellowship for Mid-Career Professionals and the Koret
Fellowship, something unparalleled by other Korean studies programs. The
program's faculty, fellows, and visiting scholars—most of whom teach courses and
speak at public events—greatly contribute to the intellectual vigor of the Stanford
community. Paul Y. Chang, PhD '08, an assistant professor at Yonsei
University's Underwood International College, says, "The program provided the ideal context to
engage with passionate scholars and develop my research program."
Stanford KSP's visitors find themselves, in turn, rewarded by the experience of
being at Shorenstein APARC. Former Korean Minister of Unification Jongseok Lee,
a visiting scholar from 2008 to 2009, says, "While enjoying every bit of life at Stanford . . . I worked hard in the
office from early morning to late evening, as if I were a graduate student
preparing his final dissertation . . . It was a truly meaningful and memorable
year." Stanford KSP maintains strong ties with its former students,
fellows, visiting scholars, and other affiliates, in part through the Stanford
Shorenstein APARC Forum in Korea, an organization that has grown since 2003 to
boast a roster of over 100 members.
In addition to the interaction with Stanford
KSP's faculty and visitors, Stanford students benefit greatly from numerous social
science and language courses, internship and overseas seminar opportunities,
and the ever-growing Korean-language library collection supported by the
program. Social science courses cover such topics as the Korean economy, the
politics of the Korean Peninsula, modern Korean history, and many others.
Through the Stanford Language Center, students may take a rigorous,
comprehensive offering of beginning- through advanced-level Korean-language
courses. An internship program
co-sponsored with the Center for East Asian Studies provides students with the
valuable opportunity to live and work in Korea each summer. Since its
establishment in 2005, Stanford's Korean-language library collection has expanded
to include a total of 41,300 print volumes and 13 electronic databases.
On an annual basis, Stanford KSP offers innovative and impactful programs
addressing current, policy-relevant issues and events, as well as historical
factors with contemporary relevance, that are shaping the future of the Korean
Peninsula and the U.S.-Korea relationship. Conferences and workshops bring together leading Korea
scholars with policymakers and other subject experts, including business leaders and international
journalists, for productive and meaningful dialogue, research, and publishing activities. Stanford KSP's popular,
long-time seminar series and
special events afford members of the Stanford community and the general public
the opportunity to listen to and
engage with distinguished political figures and prominent scholars.
Stanford KSP celebrated its tenth anniversary on February 23 with a special
public seminar examining the state and prospects of science, technology, and
economics in Korea and Northeast Asia. The next
day, it held its annual Koret Conference, a major event bringing
together prominent Korea experts to discuss the future of North Korea. The
anniversary activities concluded that evening with a dinner and reception
to honor the generosity of Stanford KSP's long-time donors.
Proud of the program's accomplishments to date and optimistic about the future,
Shin says, "I would like to invite my colleagues, students, friends, and
supporters to celebrate what we have worked together to achieve over the last decade
and I ask you all to join me in continuing this record of achievement in the
decade to come."
Challenges and Opportunities in Northeast Asia
This is a special academic seminar to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the founding of the Korean Studies Program at Stanford University.
The participants of the workshop will discuss: 1) Prospects and Visions: Science and Technology in Korea; and 2) Critical Economic Factors.
Philippines Conference Room
John Everard
No longer in residence.
John Everard, a retired British diplomat, is now a consultant for the UN.
In October 2006, only a few short months after Everard arrived in Pyongyang to serve as the British ambassador, North Korea conducted its first-ever nuclear test. Everard spent the next two-and-a-half years meeting with North Korean government officials and attending the official events so beloved by the North Korean regime. During this complicated period he provided crucial reports back to the British government on political developments.
He also traveled extensively throughout North Korea, witnessing scenes of daily life experienced by few foreigners: people shopping for food in Pyongyang’s informal street markets, urban residents taking time off to relax at the beach, and many other very human moments. Everard captured such snapshots of everyday life through dozens of photographs and detailed notes.
His distinguished career with the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office spanned nearly 30 years and four continents (Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America), and included a number of politically sensitive posts. As the youngest-ever British ambassador when he was appointed to Belarus (1993 to 1995), he built an embassy from the ground up just a few short years after the fall of the Soviet Union. He also skillfully managed diplomatic relations as the UK ambassador to Uruguay (2001 to 2005) during a period of economic crisis and the country’s election of its first left-wing government.
From 2010 to 2011 Everard spent one year at Stanford University’s Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, conducting research, writing, and participating in major international conferences on North Korea.
He holds BA and MA degrees in Chinese from Emmanuel College at Cambridge University, and a diploma in economics from Beijing University. Everard also earned an MBA from Manchester Business School, and is proficient in Chinese, Spanish, German, Russian, and French.
An avid cyclist and volunteer, Everard enjoys biking whenever he has the opportunity. He has been known to cycle from his London home to provincial cities to attend meetings of the Youth Hostels Association of England and Wales, of which he was a trustee from 2009 to 2010.
Everard currently resides with his wife in New York City.
Pantech Fellowships, generously funded by Pantech Group of Korea, are intended to cultivate a diverse international community of scholars and professionals committed to and capable of grappling with challenges posed by developments in Korea. We invite individuals from the United States, Korea, and other countries to apply.
Gi-Wook Shin
Gi-Wook Shin is the William J. Perry Professor of Contemporary Korea in the Department of Sociology, senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, and the founding director of the Korea Program at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (APARC) since 2001, all at Stanford University. In May 2024, Shin also launched the Taiwan Program at APARC. He served as director of APARC for two decades (2005-2025). As a historical-comparative and political sociologist, his research has concentrated on social movements, nationalism, development, democracy, migration, and international relations.
In Summer 2023, Shin launched the Stanford Next Asia Policy Lab (SNAPL), which is a new research initiative committed to addressing emergent social, cultural, economic, and political challenges in Asia. Across four research themes– “Talent Flows and Development,” “Nationalism and Racism,” “U.S.-Asia Relations,” and “Democratic Crisis and Reform”–the lab brings scholars and students to produce interdisciplinary, problem-oriented, policy-relevant, and comparative studies and publications. Shin’s latest book, The Four Talent Giants, a comparative study of talent strategies of Japan, Australia, China, and India to be published by Stanford University Press in the summer of 2025, is an outcome of SNAPL.
Shin is also the author/editor of twenty-seven books and numerous articles. His books include The Four Talent Giants: National Strategies for Human Resource Development Across Japan, Australia, China, and India (2025); Korean Democracy in Crisis: The Threat of Illiberalism, Populism, and Polarization (2022); The North Korean Conundrum: Balancing Human Rights and Nuclear Security (2021); Superficial Korea (2017); Divergent Memories: Opinion Leaders and the Asia-Pacific War (2016); Global Talent: Skilled Labor as Social Capital in Korea (2015); Criminality, Collaboration, and Reconciliation: Europe and Asia Confronts the Memory of World War II (2014); New Challenges for Maturing Democracies in Korea and Taiwan (2014); History Textbooks and the Wars in Asia: Divided Memories (2011); South Korean Social Movements: From Democracy to Civil Society (2011); One Alliance, Two Lenses: U.S.-Korea Relations in a New Era (2010); Cross Currents: Regionalism and Nationalism in Northeast Asia (2007); and Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy (2006). Due to the wide popularity of his publications, many have been translated and distributed to Korean audiences. His articles have appeared in academic and policy journals, including American Journal of Sociology, World Development, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Political Science Quarterly, Journal of Asian Studies, Comparative Education, International Sociology, Nations and Nationalism, Pacific Affairs, Asian Survey, Journal of Democracy, and Foreign Affairs.
Shin is not only the recipient of numerous grants and fellowships, but also continues to actively raise funds for Korean/Asian studies at Stanford. He gives frequent lectures and seminars on topics ranging from Korean nationalism and politics to Korea's foreign relations, historical reconciliation in Northeast Asia, and talent strategies. He serves on councils and advisory boards in the United States and South Korea and promotes policy dialogue between the two allies. He regularly writes op-eds and gives interviews to the media in both Korean and English.
Before joining Stanford in 2001, Shin taught at the University of Iowa (1991-94) and the University of California, Los Angeles (1994-2001). After receiving his BA from Yonsei University in Korea, he was awarded his MA and PhD from the University of Washington in 1991.
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Korea Focus, English-language journal by the Korea Foundation
Shorenstein APARC scholars discuss President Obama's November 2010 Asia visit
Beyond his childhood ties to Hawai'i and Indonesia and his
self-styled designation as "America's first Pacific President,"
President Barack Obama has demonstrated significant and genuine interest in
Asia and in developing trans-Pacific ties. He embarked on November 5 for the
second presidential visit to Asia during his term, and while there he will
visit India, Indonesia, South Korea to attend the summit of the Group of 20
(G20), and finally to Japan to attend the annual heads of state meeting of the
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference. Secretary of State Hillary
Clinton will travel a week ahead of Obama to attend the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) gathering and the East Asia Summit (EAS) in
Vietnam, followed by visits to Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and
Australia. Her trip will include an added-in stop to China's Hainan Island. To
address major issues surrounding the President's trip to Asia--including the
"China question" and historic U.S. bilateral alliances--four scholars
from the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC)
gathered for a public panel discussion on October 27.
Thomas Fingar, Oksenberg/Rohlen Distinguished Fellow of the
Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies, spoke about the
symbolic aspects of Obama's visit, noting the importance of a presidential
visit for showing a sense of real commitment to the region and an
acknowledgement of the "rise" of countries like China and India. On a
more pragmatic side, he also suggested that meeting in person with other
leaders is crucial in order to "bring about deliverables." The
omission of a visit to China should not be weighed too heavily, Fingar said,
pointing out that the President visited China last year. The stops in Japan and South Korea are tied to
important multilateral meetings, though they will also reaffirm longstanding
ties with those allies, while the visit to India is an indication of growing
relations between the two countries. Of particular importance is Obama's
participation in the G20 Summit in South Korea and the APEC meeting in Japan
because, Fingar stated, a major purpose of the visit is about the "United
States having a role in building new multilateral institutions." Finally,
while much of the success of the Asia trip rests on how well Obama conducts
himself, Fingar expressed confidence that the President would skillfully manage
the visit.
During his visit to Indonesia, Obama will meet with Indonesia's President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono for a bilateral
discussion of such issues as economics, security, and higher education. Donald K. Emmerson, director of the Southeast Asia Forum, said that the
postponement of earlier-planned visits to Indonesia has lessened some of the
enthusiasm for Obama's "homecoming" to Jakarta. China's omission on
the trip agenda is noteworthy, he suggested, and Clinton's addition of a stop
in Hainan is due, in part, to help alleviate recent tension between the United
States and China regarding China's claim of sovereignty over the South China
Sea. Clinton's involvement in the EAS is an "important multilateral
engagement" for the United States because of the presence of its ally
Japan and the fact that the United States and China both have a voice there,
unlike the ASEAN Plus Three meetings that do not include the United States.
While in recent months the U.S.-China relationship has become more strained,
Emmerson asserted that the "United States is not going to get into a cold
war with China."
Obama will travel from Indonesia to South Korea for the G20 Summit, another
major multilateral engagement during his travels. David Straub,
associate director of the Korean Studies Program, described several significant
aspects of this time in South Korea. While not technically an organization,
Straub said, the Summit is an important forum for the discussion of economic
stability and growth. Similar to Fingar, Straub noted the efficacy and
significance of in-person meetings. The Summit provides an opportunity for
world leaders to have face-to-face discussions on non-economic issues, such as
North Korea's political situation. Straub suggested that President Lee
Myung-bak's investment in the Summit is based, in part, on raising South
Korea's global prestige, which is tied also to increasing the status of the G20
to become the premiere global financial organization. Finally, Straub stated
that alongside the G20 meeting, Obama and Lee are expected discuss bilateral
relations, which are at an all-time high, including the stalled U.S.-South
Korea free trade agreement (Korus FTA). The FTA, which would be the most
significant free trade agreement for the United States since NAFTA, has faced
opposition and mixed support on both sides.
Obama's visit to India will be the third U.S. presidential visit there in the
past decade, which is indicative of changing U.S. perceptions of India brought
about through the IT boom and growing economic ties, suggested Daniel C. Sneider, associate director of research for Shorenstein APARC. Sneider
pointed to a broader shared agenda despite a lack of clarity on some issues,
such as Pakistan, and a focus on India as Asia's "other" growing economy. He
stated that he would be watching for the United States and India to work
together to emphasize India's role in East Asia, highlighted by India's
participation in the EAS. India's Prime Minister Manmohan Singh has championed
a "look east" policy and expressed stronger interest in East Asia, especially
China. In terms of Obama's visit to the APEC heads of state conference in
Japan, Sneider noted the importance of this trip also for the U.S.-Japan
alliance. The newly formed government of Prime Minister Naoto Kan has
worked to ease tensions in the alliance and both countries hope to use the
visit to bolster a more positive image of the alliance. Certain points of
contention, like the move of the U.S. military base on Okinawa, have been put
aside for the time being. Sneider stated that recent China-Japan tensions have
also served to reinforce the importance of the relationship.
Events during Obama's Asia visit in the next two weeks will help to solidify or possibly call into question his image as the "Pacific President," and undoubtedly influence the role of the United States in Asia for the future.
Joon Nak Choi
Shorenstein APARC
Encina Hall
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305-6055
Joon Nak Choi is the 2015-2016 Koret Fellow in the Korea Program at Stanford University's Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC). A sociologist by training, Choi is an assistant professor at Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. His research and teaching areas include economic development, social networks, organizational theory, and global and transnational sociology, within the Korean context.
Choi, a Stanford graduate, has worked jointly with professor Gi-Wook Shin to analyze the transnational bridges linking Asia and the United States. The research project explores how economic development links to foreign skilled workers and diaspora communities.
Most recently, Choi coauthored Global Talent: Skilled Labor as Social Capital in Korea with Shin, who is also the director of the Korea Program. From 2010-11, Choi developed the manuscript while he was a William Perry postdoctoral fellow at Shorenstein APARC.