Health and Medicine

FSI’s researchers assess health and medicine through the lenses of economics, nutrition and politics. They’re studying and influencing public health policies of local and national governments and the roles that corporations and nongovernmental organizations play in providing health care around the world. Scholars look at how governance affects citizens’ health, how children’s health care access affects the aging process and how to improve children’s health in Guatemala and rural China. They want to know what it will take for people to cook more safely and breathe more easily in developing countries.

FSI professors investigate how lifestyles affect health. What good does gardening do for older Americans? What are the benefits of eating organic food or growing genetically modified rice in China? They study cost-effectiveness by examining programs like those aimed at preventing the spread of tuberculosis in Russian prisons. Policies that impact obesity and undernutrition are examined; as are the public health implications of limiting salt in processed foods and the role of smoking among men who work in Chinese factories. FSI health research looks at sweeping domestic policies like the Affordable Care Act and the role of foreign aid in affecting the price of HIV drugs in Africa.

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Rural areas of China have made remarkable progress in reducing adult mortality within the past 15 years yet broadened health insurance was not a casual factor in that decline, according to a new study by an international research team that includes Asia Health Policy Program Director Karen Eggleston.

The New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), a government-subsidized insurance program that began in 2002-03, expanded to cover all of rural China within a decade. Examining NCMS and cause-specific mortality data for a sample of 72 counties between 2004 and 2012, the researchers found that there were no significant effects of health insurance expansion on increased life expectancy.

The study, published in the September issue of Health Affairs, showed results consistent with previous studies that also did not find a correlation between insurance and survival, although much research confirms NCMS increased access to healthcare, including preventive services, and shielded families from high health expenditures.

Commenting on the study, Eggleston said population health policies remain central to China’s efforts to increase life expectancy and to bridge the gap between rural and urban areas.

Eggleston also noted that multiple factors beyond the availability of health care determine how long people live, and anticipates the research team will continue to explore the impacts of NCMS by extending the study to look at infants and youth.

Read the study (may require subscription) and view a related article on the Stanford Scope blog.

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Lisa Lee
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The Asia Health Policy Program, established in 2007, promotes a comparative understanding of health and health policy in the Asia-Pacific region through research and collaboration with regional scholars, a colloquium series on health and demographic change, and conferences and publications on comparative health policy topics. The program is committed to supporting young researchers through its Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellowship. Every year, the program director, Karen Eggleston, mentors recent doctoral graduates invited to come to Stanford to undertake original research on contemporary health policy of relevance to the Asia-Pacific region. The Program recently organized the Workshop of Young Leaders in Asia Health Policy in Beijing to celebrate its 10th anniversary.

Asia Health Policy Program alumni have been expanding around the globe. Young Kyung Do, from South Korea, was the first Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow in 2008-09. He earned his doctorate in health policy and management from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and is currently an associate professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at Seoul National University in South Korea. His research interests include aging and long-term care, the interplay of health, education and labor, health behavior, sleep and time use, risk literacy and risk communication, value of medical interventions, and quality assessment from the patient's perspective. Working papers: 

The Effect of Informal Caregiving on Labor Market Outcomes in South Korea

The Effect of Coresidence with an Adult Child on Depressive Symptoms among Older Widowed Women in South Korea: An Instrumental Variable Estimation

The Effect of Sleep Duration on Body Weight in Adolescents: Evidence from a Natural Experiment

Brian K. Chen, from the United States, was the 2009-10 Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow. He earned his doctorate in business administration from the Haas Business School at the University of California, Berkeley. He is currently an associate professor in the Department of Health Services Policy and Management at the Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina in the United States.  He is also the associate director of Taiwan Doctoral Program housed in the Department of Health Services Policy and Management.  He has a unique combination of legal and economic expertise. He received a Juris Doctor from Stanford Law School in 1997. His research focuses on health policy, particularly with respect to health disparities, the burden of chronic illnesses and aging as well as the impact of incentives in health care organizations on provider and patient behavior.  Working papers: 

Strict Liability for Medical Injuries? The Impact of Increasing Malpractice Liability on Obstetrician Behavior: Evidence from Taiwan

Patient Copayments, Provider Incentives and Income Effects: Theory and Evidence from China’s Essential Medications List Policy

Qiulin Chen, from China, was the 2010-11 Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow. He earned his doctorate in economics from Peking University. He is currently an associate professor and director of the Social Security Research Division of the Institute of Population and Labor Economics, and deputy director of the Research Center of Health Industry Development at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing. His research interests are health economics and health policy, aging and social security, and public finance.

There were two Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellows from 2011until 2012. Ang Sun, from China, earned her doctorate in economics from Brown University in the United States. She is currently an associate professor at Central University of Finance and Economics in Beijing, China. Her research focuses on household and marriage, development, demography and health. The second fellow, Siyan Yi from Cambodia, was the first recipient of the Developing Asia Health Policy Fellowship for citizens of low-income countries in Asia. Dr. Yi earned his doctorate in international health sciences from the University of Tokyo. He is currently a director of KHANA Center for Population Health Research in Cambodia and adjunct associate professor at Center for Global Health Research of Touro University California in the United States. His research projects are in population health, including clinical epidemiology, social and behavioral determinants of health, health promotion, health system strengthening, and health policy in both developed and developing countries.

Marjorie Pajaron, from the Philippines, was the 2012-13 Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow. She earned her doctorate in economics from the University of Hawaii at Manoa. She is currently an assistant professor at the School of Economics, University of the Philippines. Her research lies at the intersection of applied microeconomics and health policy, with a focus on gender, health, development and labor economics.  Working papers: 

Remittances, Informal Loans, and Assets as Risk-Coping Mechanisms: Evidence from Agricultural Households in Rural Philippines

The Roles of Gender and Education on the Intrahousehold Allocations of Remittances of Filipino Migrant Workers

Margaret Triyana, from Indonesia, was the 2013-14 Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow. She earned her doctorate in public policy from the Harris School of Public Policy at the University of Chicago. She is currently a visiting assistant professor at the Keough School of Global Affairs at the University of Notre dame, in the United States. Prior to joining the Asia Health Policy Program, she was an Indonesia research fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School. She is particularly interested in how social policies affect health outcomes for the poor, early health investments, and health-seeking behavior in limited-resource settings.

Gendendarjaa Baigalimaa, from Mongolia, was the 2013-14 Visiting Scholar for Developing Asia Health Policy. A medical doctor by training, she studied cancer prevention and the impact of the National Cervical Cancer Program in Mongolia. Upon completion of her fellowship with the Asia Health Policy Program, she became a gynecological oncologist at Mungun Guur Hospital in Mongolia.

There were two Asia Health Policy postdoctoral fellows from 2014 until 2015. Pham Ngoc Minh, from Vietnam, who earned his doctorate in medical science from Kyushu University in Japan, is currently a visiting research fellow at Curtin University in Australia. His main research interests include the epidemiology and prevention of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes, and depression in Asian adults. He also works on systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational and clinical studies to inform health policy. The second postdoctoral fellow was Phyu Phyu Thin Zaw, from Myanmar, who completed her doctorate in epidemiology from the Prince of Songkla University in Thailand. She is a research scientist at the Department of Medical Research in the Pyin Oo Lwin branch of the Ministry of Health and Sport in Myanmar. Currently, she is on leave to attend a master of public policy at Oxford University, in the United Kingdom.  Her current research work involves equitable allocation of healthcare resources, the current health system transformations, and the democratization process in Myanmar.

Darika Saingam, from Thailand, was the 2015-16 Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow. She earned her doctorate in epidemiology from the Prince of Songkla University in Thailand. Her research interests are public health, substance abuse and drug policy. She seeks to identify potentially effective policy directions suitable for Thailand. Before she joined the Asia Health Policy Program, she served as a researcher at Songkla University’s Epidemiology Unit. She has since continued her work on substance abuse research.

Kim Ngan Do, from Vietnam, was the 2016-17 Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow. She earned her doctorate in health policy and management from the College of Medicine at Seoul National University, South Korea. She has a strong interest in health system-related issues, especially health financing, human resources for health, and health care service delivery. She implemented comparative studies at the regional level and completed fieldwork in Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, South Korea and Vietnam.

Since its inception, the Asia Health Policy Program has supported numerous fellows to develop their expertise. They continue to pursue their academic and research interests, and have become experts in their fields. Alumni hold various academic, research and professional positions around the world, and are part of a vital community that promotes deeper understanding of comparative health policy through education, training and implementation of best healthcare practice.

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In the face of population aging, policymakers throughout the Asia-Pacific are seeking ways to improve health service provision for older individuals. The InterRAI (International Resident Assessment Instrument) is a comprehensive assessment tool for older people, and is used as a de facto assessment tool for the care needs of older people in many countries, including New Zealand (see http://www.interrai.org). Part of the full InterRAI assessment is a home care assessment, which provides the data we use in this study, including three main outcome measures: (1) CHESS (Changes in Health, End-stage Disease, Signs, and Symptoms); (2) MAPLe (Method of Assigning Priority Levels); and (3) the ADL (Activities of Daily Living) hierarchy. Specifically, we use data on over 8000 assessments in the Waikato region of New Zealand over the period 2013-2016.

In this seminar, Professor Cameron discusses the relationship between the three outcome measures and a range of clinical and operational outcomes within 90 days of the assessment, including hospital admissions; dementia admissions; number of bed days; and mortality. The CHESS outcome measure offers the greatest predictive validity of the three measures, with a one unit increase in CHESS score (interpreted as a higher risk of serious decline in health status) associated with 26 percent higher odds of hospital admission within 90 days of assessment, 18 percent more bed days, and 30 percent higher odds of mortality. Finally, Cameron discusses how these results are being used by the Waikato District Health Board to improve the services provided to older people in the region.

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Dr. Michael Cameron is an associate professor in economics at the University of Waikato (New Zealand). He is also a research fellow in the National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis (NIDEA). He was a PGDA Visiting Fellow at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health at Harvard University from 2015-16.

Dr. Cameron gained his PhD from University of Waikato in 2007, with a thesis titled "The Relationship between Poverty and HIV/AIDS in Rural Thailand". His current research interests include population, health and development issues (including the social impacts of liquor outlet density, the economics of communicable diseases especially HIV/AIDS, health applications of non-market valuation, and health and development project monitoring and evaluation), population modelling and stochastic modelling, financial literacy and economics education.

He also blogs regularly at Sex, Drugs and Economics (http://sex-drugs-economics.blogspot.com/).

 

Michael P. Cameron National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis (NIDEA), University of Waikato, New Zealand
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The Asia Health Policy Program at the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, in conjunction with The Next World Program, is soliciting papers for a workshop, “Inequality & Aging,” held at the University of Hohenheim from May 4-5, 2018. The workshop will result in a special issue of the Journal of the Economics of Ageing, and aims to address topics such as:

  • Population dynamics and income distribution
  • The evolution of inequality over time and with respect to age
  • Health inequality in old age
  • The effects of social security systems and pension schemes on inequality
  • Policies to cope with demographic challenges and the challenges posed by inequality
  • Family backgrounds and equality of opportunities
  • Demographically induced poverty traps
  • Effects of automation and the digital economy in ageing societies
  • Flexible working time and careers, and their long-term implications
  • The dynamics of inheritances, etc.

Researchers who seek to attend the workshop are invited to submit a full paper or at least a 1-page extended abstract directly to Klaus Prettner and Alfonso Sousa-Poza by Sept. 30, 2017.

Authors of accepted papers will be notified by the end of October and completed draft papers will be expected by Jan. 31, 2018. Economy airfare and accommodation will be provided to one author associated with each accepted paper. A selection of the presented papers will be published in the special issue; the best paper by an author below the age of 35 will receive an award and be made available online as a working paper.

Researchers who do not seek to attend the workshop are also invited to submit papers for the special issue. Those papers can be submitted directly online under “SI Inequality & Ageing” by May 31, 2018.

For complete details, please click on the link below to view the PDF.

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Abstract

As many other countries, Japan is working on development of personalized and precision medicine. This paper explains Japan’s policies regarding personalized and precision medicine, including data collection, supports for its development and its insurance coverage such as its process and criteria and describes four drugs and companion diagnosis. Especially as for the insurance coverage, Japan has not examined the cost-effectiveness of personalized and precision medicine and its impact on healthcare expenditures. On the other hand, since the United Kingdom considers cost-effectiveness in considering the insurance coverage, the United Kingdom limits the use of Imatinib due to cost-effectiveness while Japan does not limit it.

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The 2017 Forum will feature a luncheon keynote address on “Primary Care in the Netherlands: Lessons for China” by Jeroen N. Struijs, Senior Researcher in the Department of Quality of Care and Health Economics, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands. Additional prominent speakers include Dr. Huncheol Bryant Kim, Cornell University, US, speaking on health policy in South Korea; Dr. Bei Lu, University of New South Wales, Australia, speaking on China’s efforts to integrate long-term care with primary care--Experiences of Qingdao’s Long-term Care Insurance program; Dr. Xiaoyun Liu, Peking University, on China’s primary care workforce; Dr. Jiayan Huang, Fudan University, on a model of integrated care from southern China; and Dr. Qiulin Chen, China Academy of Social Sciences, speaking on “Strengthening China’s primary care: A view from Inner Mongolia.” In addition, select policymakers and providers will introduce China's overall healthcare system reforms as well as discuss challenges to strengthening primary care in China.

Stanford Center at Peking University

Jeroen N. Struijs Senior Researcher in the Department of Quality of Care and Health Economics, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, The Netherlands
Huncheol Bryant Kim Cornell University, US
Bei Lu University of New South Wales, Australia
Xiaoyun Liu Peking University, China
Qiulin Chen China Academy of Social Sciences, China
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The "Workshop of young leaders in Asia health policy" will take place at SCPKU on June 21, 2017, just prior to the annual primary care Forum. This special event convened in honor of the Stanford Asia Health Policy Program's 10th anniversary. It will feature short research panels by a dozen young health policy experts from Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Korea, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand, the United States, and Vietnam. The luncheon colloquium will feature comparative perspectives on the major health policy challenges facing Asia as well as specific examples of how evidence-based policymaking can improve lives throughout the Asia-Pacific region.

 

Stanford Center at Peking University

Encina Hall E301616 Serra StreetStanford, CA94305-6055
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darika_saingam.jpg Ph.D.

Darika Saingam joins the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center as the Developing Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow for the 2015-16 year.  Saingam’s research interests are public health, substance abuse, drug policy and Southeast Asia. While at Shorenstein APARC, she will research the evolution of substance-abuse control measures and related policy in Thailand.  Saingam seeks to identify potentially effective policy directions suitable for Thailand, and other developing countries in Southeast and East Asia.

Saingam completed her doctorate in epidemiology at the Prince of Songkla University in 2012, and has served as a researcher at the University’s epidemiology unit since, as well as a researcher at the Thailand Substance Abuse Academic Network since 2014.

2015-16 Developing Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow
Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Ngoc Minh Pham Visiting research fellow at Curtin University, Australia
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2011-12 Developing Asia Health Policy Fellow
YiSiyan_Profile.jpg MD, PhD

Dr. Siyan Yi joined the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) as a 2011-12 Developing Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow from the National Center of Global Health and Medicine and the University of Tokyo, Japan, where he jointly served as a research fellow and lecturer. He also served as an adjunct faculty member at Cambodia’s School of Public Health, the National Institute of Public Health, and the School of International Studies at the Royal University of Phnom Penh. He is currently an Associate Professor and UHS-SPH Integrated Research Programme Leader at NUS Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health (profile page here).

Yi’s research has centered largely on epidemiological methods. This has included, for example, work on surveys in Cambodia on adolescent risky sexual behaviors, substance abuse, and depression; a health promotion project in primary schools; sexual behaviors among people living with HIV/AIDS; and HIV risky behaviors among tuberculosis patients. Currently, he is involved in hospital- and community-based research projects in several developing countries as well as in Japan. He has published several papers in these research areas in international journals. His selected publications include:

  • Siyan Yi, Akiko Nanri, Kalpana Poudel, Daisuke Nonaka, Hori Ai, Tetsuya Mizoue. “Association between serum ferritin and depressive symptoms in Japanese municipal employees.” Psychiatry Research, 2011. 189: 368-372.
  • Siyan Yi, Daisuke Nonaka, Marino Nomoto, Jun Kobayashi, and Tetsuya Mizoue. “Predictors of the uptake of A (H1N1) influenza vaccine: Findings from a population-based longitudinal study in Tokyo.” PLoS One, 2011. 6: e18893.
  • Siyan Yi, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Paula H. Palmer, Songky Yi, and Masamine Jimba. “Risk vs. protective factors for substance use among adolescent students in Cambodia.” Journal of Substance Use, 2011. 16:14-26.
  • Siyan Yi, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Paula H. Palmer, Songky Yi, and Masamine Jimba. “Role of risk and protective factors for risky sexual behaviors among high school students in Cambodia.” BMC Public Health, 2010. 10: 477.
  • Siyan Yi, Krishna C. Poudel, Junko Yasuoka, Masao Ichikawa, Vutha Tan, and Masamine Jimba. “Influencing factors for seeking HIV voluntary counseling and testing among tuberculosis patients in Cambodia.” AIDS Care, 2009. 21: 529-534.

Yi holds an MHSc (2007) and a PhD (2010) in international health sciences from the School of International Health at the University of Tokyo’s Graduate School of Medicine. He also earned an MD in general medicine from the University of Health Sciences, Cambodia (2001). Yi has won research awards, including: the Young Investigator Award from the Asia Pacific Academic Consortium for Public Health (2008), the Montreux Prize from the Swiss Association for Adolescent Health and the International Association for Adolescent Health (2009), and the Scientific Research Award from the University of Tokyo (2009).

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Director of KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Cambodia

Shorenstein APARC
Encina Hall E332
616 Serra Street
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(650) 724-5710 (510) 705-2049 (650) 723-6530
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Developing Asia Health Policy Fellow
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Gendengarjaa Baigalimaa joins the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) during the 2013-2014 acedemic year as the Asia Health Policy Program Fellow. She joins APARC from the Mongolian National Cancer Center, where she serves as a Gynecological Oncologist.

During her appointment as Health Policy Fellow, she will conduct a comparative study of how knowledge of cervical cancer risk factors has influenced behavior changes in Mongolia before and after the introduction of the National Cervical Cancer Program.

Baigalimaa is the Executive Director of Mongolian Society of Gynecological Oncologists and is also a member of the International Gynecological Cancer Society (IGCS) in Mongolia, Russia, and France.

Baigalimaa holds a MD from Minsk Belarussia Medical University. She also received a Masters in Health Science from Mongolian Medical University. She is fluent in both Russian and English.

Gynecological Oncologist at ''Mungun Guur'' hospital, Mongolia

Shorenstein APARC
Encina Hall C331
616 Serra Street
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

(650) 724-5656 (650) 723-6530
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2013-2014 Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow
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Margaret (Maggie) Triyana’s main research interests are inequality and human capital investments in developing countries. In particular, she is interested in the effects social policy changes on children’s health outcomes. As a Postdoctoral Fellow, she will analyze the effects of rural-urban migration in Indonesia and China, as well as the impact of health insurance expansion in Indonesia and Vietnam.

Triyana received a PhD in Public Policy from the University of Chicago in 2013.

 

Working Papers

“Do Health Care Providers Respond to Demand-Side Incentives? Evidence from Indonesia“

“The Effects of Community and Household Interventions on Birth Outcomes: Evidence from Indonesia”

“The Longer Term Effects of the ‘Midwife in the Village’ Program in Indonesia”

“The Sources of Wage Growth in a Developing Country” (with Ioana Marinescu)

2016-17 Kellogg visiting fellow; Assistant Professor of Economics at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Visiting Scholar at APARC, 2026
Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow, 2012-2013
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Marjorie Pajaron joined the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center as Visiting Scholar beginning April 2026 through July 2026 from the University of the Philippines Diliman (UPSE), where she serves as Associate Professor in the School of Economics. She was previously at APARC as Asia Health Policy Postdoctoral Fellow during the 2012–13 academic year.

While at APARC, she conducted research on the migration of healthcare workers from the Philippines and the nexus with climate change.

Pajaron received a PhD in economics from the University of Hawai’i at Manoa.

Publications:

Ramel, R. C. D., Legaspi, J. D., & Pajaron, M. C. (2026). Illuminating the land: the effects of nighttime lights on land values in the Philippines. Remote Sensing Letters, 17(5), 465–477. https://doi.org/10.1080/2150704X.2026.2650396

Pajaron M, Vasquez GN. (2023). Weather, Lockdown, and the Pandemic: Evidence from the Philippines. Philipp J Sci 152(S1): 47–62. https://doi.org/10.56899/152.S1.04

Pajaron, M.C., Vasquez, G.N.A. (2020). Weathering the storm: weather shocks and international labor migration from the Philippines. Journal of Population Economics 33, 1419–1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-020-00779-1

Pajaron, M. (2017). “The Role of Remittances as a Risk-Coping Mechanism: Evidence from Agricultural Households in the Philippines.” Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 26 (1): 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/01171968166806

Pajaron, M. (2016). “Heterogeneity in the Intrahousehold Allocation of International Remittances: Evidence from Philippine Households.” Journal of Development Studies 52 (6): 854–875. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2015.1113261

 

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Assistant Professor at the School of Economics, University of the Philippines, Diliman

Walter H. Shorenstein
Asia-Pacific Research Center
616 Serra St C335
Stanford University
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

(650) 724-5668 (650) 723-6530
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2011-12 Asia Health Policy Fellow
SunAng_Profile.jpg MA, PhD

Ang Sun joins the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center (Shorenstein APARC) from Brown University’s department of economics where she recently received her PhD.

Sun’s research interests encompass development economics, labor and demographic economics, and health economics. She focuses on intra-household allocations, gender differences, and household formation. In particular, she studies how a combination of different forces in China—including traditional values, rapid growth, and the population structure—is affecting Chinese families. During her time at Shorenstein APARC, Sun will participate in an interdisciplinary study of the impact of the aging process in Asia on economic growth.

Sun holds a PhD and an MA in economics from Brown University, and an MA from the China Center of Economic Research. She also received a BA in economics and a BS in information and computer science from Beijing University.

Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, China

Shorenstein APARC
Stanford University
Encina Hall, Room C335
Stanford, CA 94305-6055

(650) 736-0771 (650) 723-6530
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2011 Shorenstein-Spolgi Fellow in Comparative Health Policy
Qiulin_Chen3x4.jpg MA, PhD

Qiulin Chen is a postdoctoral fellow of Shorenstein APARC and a member of the center's Asia Health Policy Program. His main interest of research is health economics and public finance, focusing on policy and outcome comparison of health care systems and Chinese health reform. His dissertation focused on performance comparison between public (or governmental) and private health care financing, between local and central government responsibility on health care, between contracted and integrated health care system. In particular, his dissertation examined under Chinese-style decentralization, known as fiscal decentralization with political centralization, how economic competition affect local government's behaviour on health investment, and why public contracted system obstructs health performance and provides one channel of such effects in terms of preventive care and public health. He is currently involved in a comparative research project on demographic change in East Asia based on the National Transfer Accounts data and analysis.

Chen's recent publication is "The changing pattern of China's public services" (with Ling Li and Yu Jiang) in Population Aging and the Generational Economy: A Global Perspective (Ronald Lee and Andrew Mason, editors), forthcoming 2011. Before studying in Stanford, he has published more than 10 papers in academic journals in Chinese, such as Jing Ji Yan Jiu (Economic Research) and Zhong Guo Wei Sheng Jing Ji (Chinese Health Economics), and 5 book chapters. He has participated in about 20 research projects, such as A Design of Framework for Healthcare Reform in China which is commissioned by the State Council Working Party on Health Reform, Strategy Planning Study of "Healthy China 2020" which is commissioned by the Minister of Health, and Health Challenge in the Aging Society and It's Policy Implication funded by Chinese National Natural Science Foundation.

Chen earned his Ph.D. in Economics from Peking University in 2010, and earned a B.A. in Business Administration from Nanjing University in 2001. From 2004 through 2008, he was Executive Assistant of the Director of the China Centre for Economic Research at Peking University (CCER). He is also a postdoctoral fellow of National School of Development at Peking University (Its predecessor is CCER).

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China Academy of Social Sciences, China
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Postdoctoral Fellow in Asia Health Policy Program, 2008-09
Do.JPG MD, PhD

Young Kyung Do is the inaugural Postdoctoral Fellow in the Asia Health Policy Program at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center. He completed his Ph.D. in health policy and administration at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health in August 2008. He has also earned M.D. and Master of Public Health degrees from Seoul National University (in 1997 and 2003, respectively). He earned board certification in preventive medicine from the Korean Medical Association in 2004. His research interests include population aging and health care, comparative health policy, health and development, quality of care, program evaluation, and quantitative methods in health research.

He received the First Prize Award in the Graduate Student Paper Competition in the Korea Labor and Income Panel Study Conference in 2007. He also is the recipient of the Harry T. Phillips Award for Outstanding Teaching by a Doctoral Student from the UNC Department of Health Policy and Administration in 2007. In May 2008, he was selected as a New Investigator in Global Health by the Global Health Council.

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Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Emily Tuong-Vi Nguyen, a Stanford student studying human biology, writes about the Asia Health Policy Program’s international conference on diabetes

The Asia Health Policy Program at the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center hosted the Net Value in Diabetes Management Workshop in March to discuss progress on an international research collaboration. Research teams from Hong Kong, Singapore, China, Taiwan, South Korea and the United States convened at the Stanford Center at Peking University (SCPKU) in Beijing to work on research that compares utilization and spending patterns on diabetes across different countries and to develop a method for measuring the net value of diabetes internationally, based on previous methods discussed in a Eggleston and Newhouse et al. 2009 study with Mayo Clinic Data for Type 2 diabetes.

The research teams from various Asian countries are attempting to calculate the net value of diabetes in those countries by observing the changes in diabetes value and spending. These calculations include monetizing the value of health benefits of new treatments and improvements in health, as well as avoided spending on treatments when prevention was effective, and associated mortality and probability of survival. Previous models used to measure diabetic values and risks, such as the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk engine that was created from U.K. data and populations, are not very relevant for Asian populations. The goal is to create separate risk models specifically suited for populations from Hong Kong, Singapore, China, Taiwan and South Korea.

During the workshop that spanned two days, the research teams had an opportunity to share updates on their individual projects and to discuss methods and ideas for future collaboration.

On the first day, each research team presented its work, describing data sets and explaining the risk models that were used or developed. Karen Eggleston, director of the Asia Health Policy Program, delivered introductory remarks and shared current progress by the Japan and Netherlands research teams on calculating value and risk for diabetes with data from the Netherlands and Japan. The data sets from those two countries were best estimated by the JJ Risk Engine for the Japan data and the UKPDS model for the Netherlands data.

Chao Quan of the University of Hong Kong presented the risk model used for Hong Kong populations. His work primarily looked at how the UKPDS risk engine predicted risk in Hong Kong populations as compared to a local Hong Kong risk engine and how to best calibrate the Hong Kong risk engine. His next step will be to monetize the value for improved survival in diabetes in Hong Kong. He offered to re-estimate the model using the risk factors available on others’ datasets so that the Hong Kong risk model could potentially be used by other teams as well.

Stefan Ma and Zheng Li Yau of the Ministry of Health of Singapore discussed the 5-year prediction model and statistical methods they used for all-cause mortality of Singaporean individuals with diabetes. Their work is based on Singapore’s extensive administrative and claims data as well as data provided by the national health surveys conducted every six years by the National Health Service of Singapore. The researchers plan to look into how their overall risk model compares with models for specific subpopulations, such as Chinese, Malay and Indian populations in Singapore.

Katherine Hastings from the Stanford University team, led by principal investigator Latha Palaniappan, presented preliminary ideas about measuring cardiovascular risk with the Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score in analyses of Stanford health system diabetic patients. The researchers are collaborating with a clinical bioinformatics team at Stanford to use machine learning to expedite the analysis.

Min Yu and Haibin Wu of the Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention shared results from their analysis of health data collected from community health centers for diabetes management, diabetes surveillance data, cause of death data and insurance claims data that showed relationships between different patient characteristics and insurance types. The researchers then estimated the annual cost of Type 2 diabetes and its complications in Tongxiang province, China.

Hai Fang and Huyang Zhang of Peking University worked with claims data of diabetic patients insured by the New Cooperative Medical Scheme in Beijing, and at the workshop, shared regression analyses on the relationship between outpatient visits and inpatient admissions.

Jianqun Dong of the People’s Republic of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention presented ongoing research about diabetes management in China, including preliminary results of a randomized control trial of diabetes self-management strategies.

Wankyo Chung of Seoul National University shared preliminary estimates of a risk model for mortality among diabetic patients in South Korea and discussed next steps for estimating net value of diabetes management using the detailed clinical and claims data available in South Korea.

On the second day, the workshop concluded with a videoconference between workshop participants in Beijing and collaborators at Stanford Graduate Business School, including Stanford professor Latha Palaniappan and Harvard visiting professor Joseph P. Newhouse, using the Highly Immersive Classroom.

The workshop was a good opportunity for the research teams to discuss preliminary models, to offer each other suggestions regarding research methods, and to discuss the future direction of the international collaboration on the net value of diabetes. All research teams are preparing comparative research papers that will be included in the working paper series of the Asia Health Policy Program. A follow-up event will be held at Stanford in November 2017 in recognition of World Diabetes Day.

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A group of participants from the workshop, “Net Value in Diabetes Management,” at Stanford Center at Peking University, March 24, 2017, from left to right: Zheng Yi Lau from the Ministry of Health of Singapore; Chao Quan (University of Hong Kong); Jui-fen Rachel Lu (Chang Gung University); Emily Nguyen, Karen Eggleston, and Katie Hastings (Stanford); and Stefan Ma (Ministry of Health of Singapore). | Courtesy of Emily Tuong-Vi Nyugen
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ABSTRACT

Low fertility is a major policy focus in Japan. Many policies, such as an increase in replacement allowances during parental leave, were rolled out during the 1990s and early 2000s with little evidence that they had any effect on fertility or labor supply. This study assesses the impact of policies designed to promote a family-friendly work culture on childbirth and labor supply from the mid-2000s on. The causal effects are identified by investigating two reform policies targeted at two different sizes of firms. The paper contributes to the literature on laws that impact organizational culture in a society where both gender and organizational norms are strong. The short-hour option in Japan significantly increased childbirth among working women who had been childless. The intent to give birth also increased among childless women at the treated firms, and there was an increased likelihood of women taking up permanent employment at reduced hours following their first childbirth. The policy effect was not significant for second or third births.

Key words: short-hour option mandate, childbirth hazard, labor supply following childbirth

 

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Working Papers
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Asia Health Policy Program working paper # 42
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